Abstract
The SECCHI instruments aboard the recently launched STEREO spacecraft enable for the first time the continuous tracking of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun to 1 AU. We analyze line-of-sight observations of the 24 – 25 January 2007 CMEs and fill the 20-hour gap in SECCHI coverage in 25 January by performing a numerical simulation using a three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) code, the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF). We show how the observations reflect the interaction of the two successive CMEs with each other and with the structured solar wind. We make a detailed comparison between the observations and synthetic images from our model, including time-elongation maps for several position angles. Having numerical simulations to disentangle observational from physical effects, we are able to study the three-dimensional nature of the ejections and their evolution in the inner heliosphere. This study reflects the start of a new era where, on one hand, models of CME propagation and interaction can be fully tested by using heliospheric observations and, on the other hand, observations can be better interpreted by using global numerical models.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berdichevsky, D., Bougeret, J.L., Delaboudinière, J.P., Fox, N., Kaiser, M., Lepping, R., Michels, D., Plunkett, S., Reames, D., Reiner, M., Richardson, I., Rostoker, G., Steinberg, J., Thompson, B., von Rosenvinge, T.: 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2473. doi:10.1029/97GL03771.
Brueckner, G.E., Howard, R.A., Koomen, M.J., Korendyke, C.M., Michels, D.J., Moses, J.D., Socker, D.G., Dere, K.P., Lamy, P.L., Llebaria, A., Bout, M.V., Schwenn, R., Simnett, G.M., Bedford, D.K., Eyles, C.J.: 1995, Solar Phys. 162, 357. doi:10.1007/BF00733434.
Chané, E., van der Holst, B., Jacobs, C., Poedts, S., Kimpe, D.: 2006, Astron. Astrophys. 447, 727. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053802.
Chen, J., Krall, J.: 2003, J. Geophys. Res. 108, 1410. doi:10.1029/2003JA009849.
Cohen, O., Sokolov, I.V., Roussev, I.I., Arge, C.N., Manchester, W.B., Gombosi, T.I., Frazin, R.A., Park, H., Butala, M.D., Kamalabadi, F., Velli, M.: 2007, Astrophys. J. 654, L163. doi:10.1086/511154.
Cohen, O., Sokolov, I.V., Roussev, I.I., Lugaz, N., Manchester, W.B.I., Gombosi, T.I., Arge, C.N.: 2008a, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 70, 583. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.08.065.
Cohen, O., Sokolov, I.V., Roussev, I.I., Gombosi, T.I.: 2008b, J. Geophys. Res. 113, 03104. doi:10.1029/2007JA012797.
Davies, J.A., Harrison, R.A., Rouillard, A.P., Sheeley, N.R., Perry, C.H., Bewsher, D., Davis, C.J., Eyles, C.J., Crothers, S.R., Brown, D.S.: 2009, Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, 02102. doi:10.1029/2008GL036182.
Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Michałek, G., Kaiser, M.L., Howard, R.A., Reames, D.V., Leske, R., von Rosenvinge, T.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 572, L103.
Harrison, R.A., Davis, C.J., Eyles, C.J., Bewsher, D., Crothers, S.R., Davies, J.A., Howard, R.A., Moses, D.J., Socker, D.G., Newmark, J.S., Halain, J.P., Defise, J.M., Mazy, E., Rochus, P., Webb, D.F., Simnett, G.M.: 2008, Solar Phys. 247, 171. doi:10.1007/s11207-007-9083-6.
Howard, R.A., Moses, J.D., Vourlidas, A., Newmark, J.S., Socker, D.G., Plunkett, S.P., Korendyke, C.M., Cook, J.W., Hurley, A., Davila, J.M., Thompson, W.T., St Cyr, O.C., Mentzell, E., Mehalick, K., Lemen, J.R., Wuelser, J.P., Duncan, D.W., Tarbell, T.D., Wolfson, C.J., Moore, A., Harrison, R.A., Waltham, N.R., Lang, J., Davis, C.J., Eyles, C.J., Mapson-Menard, H., Simnett, G.M., Halain, J.P., Defise, J.M., Mazy, E., Rochus, P., Mercier, R., Ravet, M.F., Delmotte, F., Auchere, F., Delaboudinière, J.P., Bothmer, V., Deutsch, W., Wang, D., Rich, N., Cooper, S., Stephens, V., Maahs, G., Baugh, R., McMullin, D., Carter, T.: 2008, Space Sci. Rev. 136, 67. doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9341-4.
Howard, T.A., Tappin, S.J.: 2008, Solar Phys. 252, 373. doi:10.1007/s11207-008-9262-0.
Jackson, B.V., Leinert, C.: 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 10759. doi:10.1029/JA090iA11p10759.
Lugaz, N., Manchester, W.B., Gombosi, T.I.: 2005a, Astrophys. J. 627, 1019.
Lugaz, N., Manchester, W.B., Gombosi, T.I.: 2005b, Astrophys. J. 634, 651.
Lugaz, N., Manchester, W.B., Roussev, I.I., Tóth, G., Gombosi, T.I.: 2007, Astrophys. J. 659, 788. doi:10.1086/512005.
Lugaz, N., Vourlidas, A., Roussev, I.I., Jacobs, C., Manchester, W.B. IV, Cohen, O.: 2008, Astrophys. J. 684, L111. doi:10.1086/592217.
Lynch, B.J., Antiochos, S.K., DeVore, C.R., Luhmann, J.G., Zurbuchen, T.H.: 2008, Astrophys. J. 683, 1192. doi:10.1086/589738.
Manchester, W.B., Gombosi, T.I., Roussev, I., De Zeeuw, D.L., Sokolov, I.V., Powell, K.G., Tóth, G., Opher, M.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, 1102. doi:10.1029/2002JA009672.
Manchester, W.B., Vourlidas, A., Tóth, G., Lugaz, N., Roussev, I.I., Sokolov, I.V., Gombosi, T.I., De Zeeuw, D.L., Opher, M.: 2008, Astrophys. J. 684, 1448. doi:10.1086/590231.
Morgan, H., Habbal, S.R., Woo, R.: 2006, Solar Phys. 236, 263. doi:10.1007/s11207-006-0113-6.
Odstrcil, D., Riley, P., Zhao, X.P.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, A02116. doi:10.1029/2003JA010135.
Odstrcil, D., Pizzo, V.J., Arge, C.N.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A02106. doi:10.1029/2004JA010745.
Odstrcil, D., Vandas, M., Pizzo, V.J., MacNeice, P.: 2003, In: Velli, M., Bruno, R., Malara, F., Bucci, B. (eds.) Tenth International Solar Wind Conf., AIP Conf. Proc. 679, 699. doi:10.1063/1.1618690.
Odstrčil, D., Pizzo, V.J.: 1999, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 483. doi:10.1029/1998JA900019.
Riley, P., Lionello, R., Mikić, Z., Linker, J.: 2008, Astrophys. J. 672, 1221. doi:10.1086/523893.
Rouillard, A.P., Davies, J.A., Forsyth, R.J., Rees, A., Davis, C.J., Harrison, R.A., Lockwood, M., Bewsher, D., Crothers, S.R., Eyles, C.J., Hapgood, M., Perry, C.H.: 2008, Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, L10110. doi:10.1029/2008GL033767.
Roussev, I.I., Sokolov, I.V.: 2006, In: Gopalswamy, N., Mewaldt, R., Torsti, J. (eds.) Models of Solar Eruptions: Recent Advances From Theory and Simulations, in Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles, Geophys. Monograph Ser. 165, AGU, Washington, 89. doi:10.1029/165GM10.
Roussev, I.I., Lugaz, N., Sokolov, I.V.: 2007, Astrophys. J. 668, L87. doi:10.1086/522588.
Roussev, I.I., Gombosi, T.I., Sokolov, I.V., Velli, M., Manchester, W., DeZeeuw, D.L., Liewer, P., Tóth, G., Luhmann, J.: 2003, Astrophys. J. 595, L57.
Schwenn, R., Raymond, J.C., Alexander, D., Ciaravella, A., Gopalswamy, N., Howard, R., Hudson, H., Kaufmann, P., Klassen, A., Maia, D., Munoz-Martinez, G., Pick, M., Reiner, M., Srivastava, N., Tripathi, D., Vourlidas, A., Wang, Y.M., Zhang, J.: 2006, Space Sci. Rev. 123, 127. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9016-y.
Sheeley, N.R. Jr., Wang, Y.M., Hawley, S.H., Brueckner, G.E., Dere, K.P., Howard, R.A., Koomen, M.J., Korendyke, C.M., Michels, D.J., Paswaters, S.E., Socker, D.G., St Cyr, O.C., Wang, D., Lamy, P.L., Llebaria, A., Schwenn, R., Simnett, G.M., Plunkett, S., Biesecker, D.A.: 1997, Astrophys. J. 484, 472. doi:10.1086/304338.
Sheeley, N.R. Jr., Herbst, A.D., Palatchi, C.A., Wang, Y.M., Howard, R.A., Moses, J.D., Vourlidas, A., Newmark, J.S., Socker, D.G., Plunkett, S.P., Korendyke, C.M., Burlaga, L.F., Davila, J.M., Thompson, W.T., St Cyr, O.C., Harrison, R.A., Davis, C.J., Eyles, C.J., Halain, J.P., Wang, D., Rich, N.B., Battams, K., Esfandiari, E., Stenborg, G.: 2008, Astrophys. J. 674, L109. doi:10.1086/529020.
Subramanian, P., Vourlidas, A.: 2009, Astrophys. J. 693, 1219. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1219.
Sun, W., Deehr, C.S., Dryer, M., Fry, C.D., Smith, Z.K., Akasofu, S.I.: 2008, Space Weather 6, S03006. doi:10.1029/2006SW000298.
Titov, V.S., Démoulin, P.: 1999, Astron. Astrophys. 351, 707.
Titov, V.S., Mikic, Z., Linker, J.A., Lionello, R.: 2008, Astrophys. J. 675, 1614. doi:10.1086/527280.
Tóth, G., Sokolov, I.V., Gombosi, T.I., Chesney, D.R., Clauer, C.R., De Zeeuw, D.L., Hansen, K.C., Kane, K.J., Manchester, W.B., Oehmke, R.C., Powell, K.G., Ridley, A.J., Roussev, I.I., Stout, Q.F., Volberg, O., Wolf, R.A., Sazykin, S., Chan, A., Yu, B., Kóta, J.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A12226. doi:10.1029/2005JA011126.
Tóth, G., De Zeeuw, D.L., Gombosi, T.I., Manchester, W.B., Ridley, A.J., Roussev, I.I., Sokolov, I.V.: 2007, Space Weather 5, S06003. doi:10.1029/2006SW000272.
Vourlidas, A., Howard, R.A.: 2006, Astrophys. J. 642, 1216. doi:10.1086/501122.
Wang, Y.M., Sheeley, N.R. Jr., Nash, A.G.: 1990, Nature 347, 439. doi:10.1038/347439a0.
Webb, D.F., Howard, T.A., Fry, C.D., Odstricil, D.: 2008, AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts, 21.
Wu, C.C., Fry, C.D., Wu, S.T., Dryer, M., Liou, K.: 2007, J. Geophys. Res. 112, A09104. doi:10.1029/2006JA012211.
Xiong, M., Zheng, H., Wang, Y., Wang, S.: 2006, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A08105. doi:10.1029/2005JA011593.
Zhang, J., Richardson, I.G., Webb, D.F., Gopalswamy, N., Huttunen, E., Kasper, J.C., Nitta, N.V., Poomvises, W., Thompson, B.J., Wu, C.C., Yashiro, S., Zhukov, A.N.: 2007, J. Geophys. Res. 112, A10102. doi:10.1029/2007JA012321.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
STEREO Science Results at Solar Minimum
Guest Editors: Eric R. Christian, Michael L. Kaiser, Therese A. Kucera, O.C. St Cyr
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. (MP4 3383.58 kB)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lugaz, N., Vourlidas, A., Roussev, I.I. et al. Solar – Terrestrial Simulation in the STEREO Era: The 24 – 25 January 2007 Eruptions. Sol Phys 256, 269–284 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9339-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9339-4