Skip to main content
Log in

Democratic Renewal and Cultural Inertia: Why Our Best Efforts Fall Short

  • Presidential Address
  • Published:
Sociological Forum

Abstract

Sociological research is often inspired by a desire to ameliorate social problems. Yet sparse attention is devoted to the broader reasons why social problems persist. Popular interpretations ultimately prove unsatisfactory because they focus on such culprits as human nature, poor government policies, incompetence, or opponents of reform. I propose that sociologists need to take culture more seriously than they often do. Culture is not simply a set of scripts that permit us to accomplish whatever we want. It also consists of foundational narratives about ourselves and our society that generally go unquestioned. Recognizing the power of these deep narratives is the first step toward studying culture in a way that also facilitates democratic renewal.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, John 1851 “Letter to John Taylor, April 15, 1814.” In Charles Francis Adams (ed.), The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: With a Life of the Author, Notes and Illustrations: 6:456. Boston: Little, Brown.

  • Alba, Richard, and Victor Nee 2003 Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2003 The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appleby, Joyce 1992 Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2000 Inheriting the Revolution: The First Generation of Americans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, Elizabeth M. 2003 Conceiving Risk, Bearing Responsibility: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Diagnosis of Moral Disorder. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barthes, Roland 1972 Mythologies. New York: Hill and Wang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender, Thomas 1982 Community and Social Change in America. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedict, Ruth 1960 Patterns of Culture. New York: Mentor Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendix, Reinhard 1996 Nation-Building and Citizenship: Studies of Our Changing Social Order. 2nd ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann 1966 The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, Peter L., and Richard John Neuhaus 2000 “To empower people: From state to civil society.” In D. E. Eberly (ed.), The Essential Civil Society Reader: The Classic Essays: 143–182. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, Pierre 1977 Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Deward Clayton 1980 Electricity for Rural America: The Fight for the REA. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, Jon 1991 Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catano, James V. 2001 Ragged Dicks: Masculinity, Steel, and the Rhetoric of the Self-Made Man. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, Jean L., and Andrew Arato 1992 Civil Society and Political Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decker, Louis 1997 Made in America: Self-Styled Success from Horatio Alger to Oprah Winfrey. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, John 1923 “The school as a means of developing a social consciousness and social ideals in children.” Journal of Social Forces 1: 513–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, Paul 1997 “Culture and cognition.” Annual Review of Sociology 23: 263–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diner, Hasia R., Jeffrey Shandler, and Beth S. Wenger (eds.) 2000 Remembering the Lower East Side: American Jewish Reflections. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkheim, Emile 2001 The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Trans. Carol Cosman, with an introduction by Mark S. Cladis. New York: Oxford University Press. Orig. pub. in 1915.

  • Ehrenhalt, Alan 1996 The Lost City: The Forgotten Virtues of Community in America. New York: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elshtain, Jean Bethke 1995 Democracy on Trial. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzioni, Amitai 2003 “How liberty is lost.” Society 40:44–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, Claude S. 1992 America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, Francis 1995 Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gans, Herbert J. 1967 The Levittowners: Ways of Life and Politics in a New Suburban Community. New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberstam, David 1993 The Fifties. New York: Fawcett.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, John L. 1979 The Politics of Benevolence: Revival Religion and American Voting Behavior. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatch, Nathan O. 1990a “The democratization of Christianity and the character of American politics.” In M. A. Noll (ed.), Religion and American Politics: From the Colonial Period to the 1980s: 92–120. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1990 bThe Democratization of American Christianity. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, Thomas 1801 “First Inaugural Address, March 4.” Available at http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres16.html.

  • Lamont, Michele, and Marcel Fournier (eds.) 1993 Cultivating Differences: Symbolic Boundaries and the Making of Inequality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madison, James 1787 “The Union as a safeguard against domestic faction and insurrection—continued: Federalist Paper No. 10,” Daily Advertiser (November 22).

  • Mathews, Donald G. 1969 “The second great awakening as an organizing process, 1780–1830: An hypothesis.” American Quarterly 21: 23–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlister, Melani 2001 Epic Encounters: Culture, Media, and U.S. Interests in the Middle East, 1945–2000. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, C. Wright 1951 White Collar: The American Middle Classes. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, Barrington, Jr. 1978 Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murrin, John M. 1987 “Self-interest conquers patriotism: Republicanism, liberals, and Indians reshape the nation.” In J. P. Greene (ed.), The American Revolution: Its Character and Limits: 92–111. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noll, Mark A. 2002 America's God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortner, Sherry B. (ed.) 1999 The Fate of “Culture”: Geertz and Beyond. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penak, William 1989 For God and Country: The American Legion, 1919–1941. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plato 1945 The Republic of Plato. Trans. Francis Cornford. New York: Oxford University Press, Book VIII.

  • Polanyi, Michael 1966 The Tacit Dimension. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Primer, Ben 1979 Protestants and American Business Methods. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, Robert D. 2000 Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, Daniel T. 1992 “Republicanism: The career of a concept.” Journal of American History 79:11–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Said, Edward 1994 Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandel, Michael J. 1996 Democracy's Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schudson, Michael 1998 The Good Citizen: A History of American Civic Life. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2003 “How people learn to be civic.” In E. J. Dionne Jr., K. M. Drogosz and R. E. Litan (eds.), United We Serve: National Service and the Future of Citizenship: 263–277. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, Adam 1997 The Problem of Trust. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skocpol, Theda 1999 “How Americans became civic.” In T. Skocpol and M. P. Fiorina (eds.), Civic Engagement in American Democracy: 27–80. Washington, DC, and New York: Brookings Institution Press and Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skrentny, John D. 2002 The Minority Rights Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smelser, Neil J. and Jeffrey Alexander (eds.) 1999 Diversity and Its Discontents. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swidler, Ann 1986 “Culture in action: Symbols and strategies.” American Sociological Review 51:273–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2001 Talk of Love: How Culture Matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobey, Ronald, Charles Wetherell, and Jay Brigha 1990 “Moving out and settling in: Residential mobility, home owning, and the public enframing of citizenship, 1921–1950.” American Historical Review 95:1414–1426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tocqueville, Alexis de 1945 Democracy in America. New York: Knopf. Orig. pub. in 1835–1840.

  • Vatter, Harold G. 1985 The U.S. Economy in World War II. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield, Stephen J. 1991 The Culture of the Cold War. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, William Foote 1943 Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of an Italian Slum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, William H., Jr. 1956 The Organization Man. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, Christopher P. 1983 “The rhetoric of consumption: Mass-market magazines and the demise of the gentle reader, 1880–1920.” In R. W. Fox and T. J. Jackson Lears (eds.), The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History, 1880–1980:39–64. New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirth, Louis 1937 “Localism, regionalism, and centralization.” American Sociological Review 42:493–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wuthnow, Robert 2005 America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, Michael P. 2002 “Confessional protest: The religious birth of U.S. national social movements.” American Sociological Review 67:660–688.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert Wuthnow.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wuthnow, R. Democratic Renewal and Cultural Inertia: Why Our Best Efforts Fall Short. Sociol Forum 20, 343–367 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11206-005-6593-6

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11206-005-6593-6

Keywords

Navigation