Abstract
The influence of the system separation into the QM and MM parts on the result of quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) modeling of acetylcholine hydrolysis in the acetylcholinesterase active site was considered. The minimum acceptable quantum subsystem that provides an adequate description of the enzymatic reaction energy profile was identified. The computed energy profiles were analyzed and possible inaccuracies in QM/MM calculations were estimated. The fairly high tetrahedral intermediate stability was demonstrated, which is in a good agreement with the newest experimental observations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. L. Bender, Mechanisms of Homogeneous Catalysis from Protons to Proteins, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971, p. 698.
I. V. Berezin, K. Martinek, Osnovy fizicheskoi khimii fermentativnogo kataliza [Foundations of the Physical Chemistry of Enzymatic Catalysis], Vysshaya shkola, Moscow, 1977, 280 pp. (in Russian).
K. Laidler, Kinetika organicheskikh reaktsii (Kinetics of Organic Reactions), Mir, Moscow, 1966, 148 pp. (Russ. Transl.).
S. D. Varfolomeev, Khimicheskaya Enzimologiya [Chemical Enzymology], Akademiya, Moscow, 2005, 480 pp. (in Russian).
S. D. Varfolomeev, K. G. Gurevich, Biokinetika. Prakticheskii kurs [Biokinetics. Practical Course], FAIR-PRESS, Moscow, 1999, 720 pp. (in Russian).
H. M. Berman, J. Westbrook, Z. Feng, G. Gilliland, T. N. Bhat, H. Weissig, I. N. Shindyalov, P. E. Bourne, Nucleic Acids Res., 2000, 28, 235.
A. V. Nemukhin, S. V. Lushchekina, S. D. Varfolomeev, in Metody komp’yuternogo modelirovaniya dlya issledovaniya polimerov i biopolimerov [Computer Modeling Methods for Investigation of Polymers and Biopolymers], Ed. A. R. Khokhlov, USSR, Moscow, 2009, p. 17 (in Russian).
H. M. Senn, W. Thiel, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2007, 11, 182.
H. M. Senn, W. Thiel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2009, 48, 1198.
D. M. Quinn, Chem. Rev., 1987, 87, 955.
T. L. Rosenberry, Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol., 1975, 43, 103.
J. L. Sussman, M. Harel, F. Frolow, C. Oefner, A. Goldman, L. Toker, I. Silman, Science, 1991, 253, 872.
S. Malany, M. Sawai, R. S. Sikorski, J. Seravalli, D. M. Quinn, Z. Radic, P. Taylor, C. Kronman, B. Velan, A. Shafferman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 2981.
Z. Radic, G. Gibney, S. Kawamoto, K. Macphee-Quigley, C. Bongiorno, P. Taylor, Biochemistry, 1992, 31, 9760.
A. Shafferman, C. Kronman, Y. Flashner, M. Leitner, H. Grosfeld, A. Ordentlich, Y. Gozes, S. Cohen, N. Ariel, D. Barak, J. Biol. Chem., 1992, 267, 17640.
S. D. Varfolomeev, I. N. Kurochkin, I. A. Gariev, in Molekulyarnyi polimorfizm cheloveka [Human Molecular Polymorphism], Ed. S. D. Varfolomeev, Rossiiskii universitet druzhby narodov, Moscow, 2007, p. 203 (in Russian).
A. V. Nemukhin, S. V. Lushchekina, A. V. Bochenkova, A. A. Golubeva, S. D. Varfolomeev, J. Mol. Model., 2008, 14, 409.
S. V. Lushchekina, A. V. Nemukhin, D. I. Morozov, S. D. Varfolomeev, Dokl. AN, 2009, 426, 344 [Dokl. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 2009, 426].
S. V. Lushchekina, A. V. Nemukhin, D. I. Morozov, S. D. Varfolomeev, Chem.-Biol. Interact., 2010, 187, 59.
S. V. Lushchekina, B. L. Grigorenko, D. I. Morozov, I. V. Polyakov, A. V. Nemukhin, S. D. Varfolomeev, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Khim., 2010, 56 [Russ. Chem. Bull., Int. Ed., 2010, 56, 55].
H. Froede, I. Wilson, J. Biol. Chem., 1984, 259, 11010.
M. A. Massiah, C. Viragh, P. M. Reddy, I. M. Kovach, J. Johnson, T. L. Rosenberry, A. S. Mildvan, Biochemistry, 2001, 40, 5682.
J. R. Tormos, K. L. Wiley, Y. Wang, D. Fournier, P. Masson, F. Nachon, D. M. Quinn, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 17751.
Y. Zhou, S. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2010, 114, 8817.
A. V. Nemukhin, I. A. Topol, S. K. Burt, Int. J. Quantum Chem., 2002, 88, 34.
S. V. Lushchekina, B. L. Grigorenko, A. V. Nemukhin, S. D. Varfolomeev, Kholinesterazy cheloveka. Superkomp’yuternye vychisleniya v issledovanii mekhanizma deistviya i roli molekulyarnogo polimorfizma belkovoi molekuly [Human Cholinesterases. High-Performance Computing for Studies of Mechanism of Action and Role in Molecular Polymorphism of Protein Molecule] in Postgenomnye issledovaniya i tekhnologii [Postgenome Studies and Technologies], Ed. S. D. Varfolomeev, Max Press, Moscow, 2011, p. 15.
J. Järv, T. Kesvatera, A. Aaviksaar, Eur. J. Biochem., 1976, 67, 315.
G. Kryger, M. Harel, K. Giles, L. Toker, B. Velan, A. Lazar, C. Kronman, D. Barak, N. Ariel, A. Shafferman, I. Silman, J. L. Sussman, Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr., 2000, 56, 1385.
H. Dvir, H. L. Jiang, D. M. Wong, M. Harel, M. Chetrit, X. C. He, G. Y. Jin, G. L. Yu, X. C. Tang, I. Silman, D. L. Bai, J. L. Sussman, Biochemistry, 2002, 41, 10810.
J. Wang, R. M. Wolf, J. W. Caldwell, P. A. Kollman, D. A. Case, J. Comput. Chem., 2004, 25, 1157.
E. J. Bylaska, W. A. De Jong, N. Govind, K. Kowalski, T. P. Straatsma, M. Valiev, D. Wang, E. Apra, T. L. Windus, J. Hammond, P. Nichols, S. Hirata, M. T. Hackler, Y. Zhao, P.-D. Fan, R. J. Harrison, M. Dupuis, D. M. A. Smith, J. Nieplocha, V. Tipparaju, M. Krishnan, A. Vazquez-Mayagoitia, Q. Wu, T. V. Voorhis, A. A. Auer, M. Nooijen, L. D. Crosby, E. Brown, G. Cisneros, G. I. Fann, H. Fruchtl, J. Garza, K. Hirao, R. Kendall, J. A. Nichols, K. Tsemekhman, K. Wolinski, J. Anchell, D. Bernholdt, P. Borowski, T. Clark, D. Clerc, H. Dachsel, M. Deegan, K. Dyall, D. Elwood, E. Glendening, M. Gutowski, A. Hess, J. Jaffe, B. Johnson, J. Ju, R. Kobayashi, R. Kutteh, Z. Lin, R. Littlefield, X. Long, B. Meng, T. Nakajima, S. Niu, L. Pollack, M. Rosing, G. Sandrone, M. Stave, H. Taylor, G. Thomas, J. Van Lenthe, A. Wong, Z. Zhang (2009) NWChem, A Computational Chemistry Package for Parallel Computers.
J. R. Tormos, K. L. Wiley, J. Seravalli, F. Nachon, P. Mas- son, Y. Nicolet, D. M. Quinn, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 14538.
S. D. Varfolomeev, K. G. Gurevich, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Khim., 2001, 1629 [Russ. Chem. Bull., Int. Ed., 2001, 50, 1709].
S. D. Varfolomeev, Mendeleev Commun., 2004, 14, 185.
S. D. Varfolomeev, I. A. Gariev, I. V. Uporov, Usp. Khim., 2005, 74, 67 [Russ. Chem. Rev. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 74].
I. A. Gariev, S. D. Varfolomeev, Bioinformatics, 2006, 22, 2574.
S. D. Varfolomeev, I. V. Uporov, E. V. Fedorov, Biokhimiya, 2002, 67, 1328 [Biochem. (Moscow) (Engl. Transl.), 2002, 67].
A. V. Nemukhin, I. A. Gariev, A. V. Rogov, S. D. Varfolomeev, Mendeleev Commun., 2006, 16, 290.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences O. M. Nefedov on the occasion of his 80th birthday.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2154–2162, November, 2011.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lushchekina, S.V., Kaliman, I.A., Grigorenko, B.L. et al. Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical analysis of mechanisms of enzyme action. Human acetylcholinesterase. Russ Chem Bull 60, 2196–2204 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-011-0338-x
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-011-0338-x