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Physiology in the service of fisheries science: Why thinking mechanistically matters

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Abstract

Behavioral responses of fishes to variability in environmental conditions and habitat quality are central to population-level demographic processes. Although field surveys can correlate abundance to habitat variables (physiochemical, biotic, and structural), they cannot provide mechanistic explanations. Moreover, field surveys are often stratified by time or geographic criteria relevant to humans, whereas fishes stratify by habitat variables relevant to them. If mechanisms underlying behavior are not explicitly understood, conclusions based on survey data can lead to biased inferences as to species-specific habitat requirements and preferences, as well as changes in stock size occurring over time. Because physiology is the transfer function that links specific environmental conditions to behavior and fitness, we argue great gains can be made through the integration of physiology and fisheries science. These are complementary disciplines, albeit ones that generally function at very different temporal and spatial scales, as well as different levels of biological organization. We argue more specifically that integrating physiological approaches with behavioral studies and traditional fisheries survey data (where each approach develops hypotheses to be tested in the other) can mechanistically link processes from cells through populations to place fisheries management in an appropriate ecosystem context. We further contend that population- and species-specific mechanistic understanding of physiological abilities and tolerances can significantly help to: improve stock assessments, describe essential fish habitat, predict rates of post-release mortality, develop effective bycatch reduction strategies, and forecast the population effects of increases in global temperatures and ocean acidification.

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Acknowledgments

We thank A. Rosenberger and K. Polivka for their invitation to present this work at the 2012 National AFS meeting, which served as the gestalt of this manuscript. A.Z.H receives support from the NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center and the Educational Partnership in Climate Change and Sustainability. S.J.C. is supported by NSERC, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and a Bonefish and Tarpon Trust Research Fellowship. R.W.B. received support from the Behavioral Ecology Branch, National Marine Fisheries Service, and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. This is research contribution 3480 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science.

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  1. Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, 100 E. Queen St, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA

    Andrij Z. Horodysky

  2. Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    Steven J. Cooke

  3. National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA

    Richard W. Brill

  4. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA

    Richard W. Brill

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  1. Andrij Z. Horodysky
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Correspondence to Andrij Z. Horodysky.

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Horodysky, A.Z., Cooke, S.J. & Brill, R.W. Physiology in the service of fisheries science: Why thinking mechanistically matters. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 25, 425–447 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9393-y

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