Abstract
The aluminum (Al3+) tolerance of barley cultivars predominately from Brazil was compared to that of cultivars from other countries, wild barley accessions, and a transgenic line (L5) over-expressing TaALMT1, the major Al3+ tolerance gene from wheat. After screening conventional germplasm for Al3+ tolerance in hydroponics, 18 genotypes were further characterized in a short-term soil experiment. Among the Brazilian cultivars, Antarctica 01 and BRS Mariana showed the greatest relative root length (RRL) in acid soil. However, these cultivars were significantly less tolerant than the foreign cultivars Dayton (USA) and Murasakimochi (Japan) and the transgenic line L5 which out-performed all conventional genotypes. In long-term growth trials, the transgenic line produced the greatest relative root and relative shoot dry weight. Relative grain yield was greatest in the transgenic line and Dayton. All genotypes were also scored for two genetic markers linked to HvAACT1, the major Al3+ tolerance gene in barley. One marker detects a 1-kb insertion in the promoter that increases gene expression and leads to increased Al3+-activated citrate efflux from root apices. The other marker detects a 21-bp indel downstream of the coding region. The 1-kb insertion was only detected in Dayton and Murasakimochi that were the best performing cultivars among the non-transgenic germplasm. Interestingly, the Brazilian cultivars with an intermediate level of tolerance, Antarctica 01 and BRS Mariana, lacked the 1-kb insertion but had enhanced HvAACT1 expression compared to an Al3+-sensitive cultivar. No clear correlation was observed between Al3+ tolerance and the 21-bp indel marker in the short-term soil trials. We conclude that improved Al3+ tolerance in barley could be achieved by combining the best allele of HvAACT1 along with TaALMT1 as a transgene.
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13 February 2018
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The online supplementary material (composed of Table S1, Fig. S1, and Fig. S2) was omitted in the published online version. The supplementary material is available in this version.
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Acknowledgments
We are thankful to Ambev (Companhia de Bebidas das Américas), Agrária, CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), and Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) for the financial support. We thank Dr. Sirio Wietholter and his team (Embrapa Trigo) for the soil analysis and Bárbara Bremm, Guilherme Paim Fraga, and Helen Estima Lazzari (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) for helping in hydroponics experiments.
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A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-018-0786-1.
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Ferreira, J.R., Minella, E., Delatorre, C.A. et al. Conventional and transgenic strategies to enhance the acid soil tolerance of barley. Mol Breeding 38, 12 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-017-0769-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-017-0769-7