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Testing the influence of negative and positive emotion on future health-promoting behaviors in a community sample

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Abstract

Adaptive behaviors, such as exercise and relaxation, are well-demonstrated to provide broad benefits, yet little is known about how emotion precede and/or influence their use. Broadly, literature suggests that adaptive health behaviors are enacted for the purpose of regulating negative affective experiences. However, other theoretical work suggests that positive affect precedes adaptive health behaviors, serving to maintain positive affective states. We sought to explicitly test the role of within-person fluctuations in negative and positive emotion in future adaptive behavior. Adults (n = 56) who were either psychologically healthy (n = 22) or diagnosed with major depression and/or social anxiety disorder (n = 34) completed an in-lab diagnostic interview, followed by a 14-day experience sampling diary measuring within-person fluctuations in positive and negative emotion and health behaviors. Within-person levels of positive affect was significantly associated with future positive health behaviors. Prior positive behaviors was also significantly associated with behaviors reported in the next signal. Additionally, mean positive affect was significantly associated with engagement in positive health behaviors. There were no significant associations for within-person or mean negative affect, and there were no group differences. Together, these results support a maintenance model, such that within-person increases in positive affect predicted future report of positive health behaviors.

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Notes

  1. Exclusion due to insufficient diary data was determined by following standard experience-sampling analysis procedures (Bolger et al. 2003). Specifically, participants with fewer than 13 completed diary entries, or who were two standard deviations below the mean of the original sample, were excluded from the present study. There were no significant demographic or diagnostic differences (two of the excluded participants were healthy controls, and two met criteria for generalized social phobia) between the final sample and the four excluded participants.

  2. Exclusion of these medication classes was related to aspects of the larger project unrelated to this investigation that involved the assessment of autonomic nervous system activity. All medications in those classes have been demonstrated to impact cardiovascular activity in ways that might interfere with specific hypotheses of the broader project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, 276 Kent Hall, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA

    K. Maria Nylocks, Jessica J. Flynn & Karin G. Coifman

  2. Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel

    Eshkol Rafaeli

  3. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel

    Eran Bar-Kalifa

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  1. K. Maria Nylocks
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  2. Eshkol Rafaeli
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  3. Eran Bar-Kalifa
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  4. Jessica J. Flynn
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  5. Karin G. Coifman
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Correspondence to K. Maria Nylocks.

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Nylocks, K.M., Rafaeli, E., Bar-Kalifa, E. et al. Testing the influence of negative and positive emotion on future health-promoting behaviors in a community sample. Motiv Emot 43, 285–298 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9729-8

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