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Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of accelerated atherosclerosis in the diabetic heart

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Abstract

It has been established that atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is more frequent and more severe in diabetic compared to non-diabetic subjects, but the reason for the excess risk of developing coronary macroangiopathy in diabetes remains incompletely characterized. Various biochemical mechanisms speculated to being at the “heart” of diabetic cardiac and coronary macroangiopathy are reviewed in the present article. In doing so, this article presents evidence that the labyrinthine interactions of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in diabetes result in a pro-atherogenic phenotype. Furthermore, the diabetic milieu yields a complex (dys)metabolic environment characterized by chronic inflammation, procoagulability, impaired fibrinolysis, neovascularization abnormalities, and microvascular defects that cumulatively alter blood rheology, artery structure, and homeostasis of the endothelium. The contributory influences of these factors in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease in diabetes are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK

    Alicia D’Souza, Niall M. Woods & Jaipaul Singh

  2. Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK

    Munir Hussain

  3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Frank C. Howarth

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, 98500 Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA

    Keshore Bidasee

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  1. Alicia D’Souza
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Correspondence to Jaipaul Singh.

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D’Souza, A., Hussain, M., Howarth, F.C. et al. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of accelerated atherosclerosis in the diabetic heart. Mol Cell Biochem 331, 89–116 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-009-0148-8

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