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Exploring how Family and Neighborhood Stressors Influence Genetic Risk for Adolescent Conduct Problems and Alcohol Use

  • Empirical Research
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Abstract

Previous research suggests that genetic risk factors may predispose to conduct problems and alcohol use in adolescence. Whether genetic risk factors interact with social contexts has not been well characterized among African American adolescents. Data came from a subsample of the Genes, Environment, and Neighborhood Initiative study comprising 501 African American adolescents, including 151 lifetime drinkers (56% female, mean age = 16.3, SD = 1.4). Genetic risk was assessed with polygenic risk scores for alcohol dependence. Analyses explored interactions between genetic risk and self-reported alcohol use, conduct problems, life stressors, and other covariates. The effects of two gene–environment interactions (G × E) were tested in the sample of alcohol exposed adolescents; one on conduct problems and the other on alcohol use. There were significant associations between polygenic risk for alcohol dependence and conduct problems. A significant G × E interaction showed the impact of genetic risk on conduct problems was stronger under conditions of high exposure to family and neighborhood stressors. Among this sample of African American adolescents, genetic risk for alcohol dependence was not directly associated with alcohol use but was related to more conduct problems. Further, the effect of genetic risk interacted with stressors from the family and neighborhood, so that the effect of genetic risk on conduct problems was stronger for individuals who reported greater stressors.

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Notes

  1. Below an explanation for why a polygenic risk for alcohol dependence was used rather than one for alcohol use frequency is provided.

  2. 52.3% of the present sample were singletons, the remainder were individuals with 1 sibling (34.4%) or 2 siblings (13.3%) who also participated in the study.

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Authors’ Ccontributions

All individuals who have made a significant contribution to the work are listed as co-authors; B.M. and D.D. participated in the coordination of the data collection; F.A. conducted the creation of the polygenic risk scores; C.B.B., K.G.C. and K.J.K.-J. participated in the statistical analyses, interpretation of the data analysis and wrote the drafts of the manuscript. All authors have approved the final version of this manuscript.

Funding

The research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers K01DA036681 (C.B.B.), K01AA021145 (K.G.C.), R01DA025039 (B.M.), K02AA018755 (D.D.), and R01AA023534 (Kendler with subcontract to K.J.K.-J.). The content is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NIDA and NIAAA had no role in the study design; collection, analysis or interpretation of the data; writing the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Data Sharing and Declaration

The dataset analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available on reasonable request by contacting D.D. and B.M.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080S. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Cristina B. Bares

  2. School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Avenue, P.O. Box 842027, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA

    Karen G. Chartier

  3. Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA

    Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe

  4. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817W. Franklin, Suite B-16, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA

    Fazil Aliev

  5. Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

    Fazil Aliev

  6. Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 625N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 14-061, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Brian Mustanski

  7. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800W. Franklin, Room 202, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA

    Danielle Dick

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  1. Cristina B. Bares
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  2. Karen G. Chartier
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  3. Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe
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  4. Fazil Aliev
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  5. Brian Mustanski
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  6. Danielle Dick
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristina B. Bares.

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Bares, C.B., Chartier, K.G., Karriker-Jaffe, K.J. et al. Exploring how Family and Neighborhood Stressors Influence Genetic Risk for Adolescent Conduct Problems and Alcohol Use. J Youth Adolescence 49, 1365–1378 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01098-9

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