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Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults: The Role of Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Varies by Gender not Race/Ethnicity

  • Empirical Research
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Abstract

Drawing from Race-Based Traumatic Stress theory, the present study examined whether traumatic stress and depressive symptoms differentially help explain the relation between racial/ethnic discrimination and suicidal ideation across gender and racial/ethnic groups. A racially/ethnically diverse group of emerging adults (N = 1344; Mage = 19.88, SD = 2.25; 72% female; 46% Hispanic) completed a battery of self-report measures. A cross-sectional design was employed with a series of hierarchical linear regression models and bootstrapping procedures to examine the direct and indirect relation between racial/ethnic discrimination and suicidal ideation through traumatic stress and depressive symptoms across gender and race/ethnicity. The findings suggest an indirect relation through depressive symptoms, but not traumatic stress, and a serial indirect relation through traumatic stress to depressive symptoms in young women and young men, the latter of which was stronger in young women. The indirect relations did not vary by racial/ethnic group. Cumulative experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may impact suicide-related risk via increases in psychiatric symptomology (i.e., traumatic stress and depressive symptoms), particularly in young women. Racial/ethnic discrimination experiences should be accounted for as a potential source of psychological distress in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of suicidal thoughts and behavior, especially among young women endorsing traumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Further research is warranted to better understand the gender difference in the relation between racial/ethnic discrimination and suicide-related risk.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the many research assistants in Dr. Elizabeth Jeglic’s lab at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY who assisted with data collection and management, and Dr Regina Miranda’s lab at Hunter College, CUNY who assisted with data management.

Authors’ Contributions

L.P.R. conceived of the study, performed the statistical analysis, participated in interpretation of the data, and drafted the manuscript; D.A. and R.M. participated in the interpretation of the data and helped with revisions to the manuscript; E.L.J. participated in the design and coordination of the study, performed the measurement, and helped with revisions to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by grant GM056833 from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Science.

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  1. Lillian Polanco-Roman

    Present address: Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051, Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Lillian Polanco-Roman, Deidre M. Anglin, Regina Miranda & Elizabeth L. Jeglic

  2. City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Lillian Polanco-Roman & Deidre M. Anglin

  3. Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Regina Miranda

  4. John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Elizabeth L. Jeglic

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Polanco-Roman, L., Anglin, D.M., Miranda, R. et al. Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults: The Role of Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Varies by Gender not Race/Ethnicity. J Youth Adolescence 48, 2023–2037 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01097-w

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