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Youth Engagement and Suicide Risk: Testing a Mediated Model in a Canadian Community Sample

  • Empirical Research
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Abstract

Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents in many industrialized countries. We report evidence from a mediation model linking greater youth activity engagement, spanning behavioral and psychological components, with lower suicide risk through five hypothesized intrapersonal and interpersonal mediating factors. Self-report survey data (15% French, 85% English) were gathered from a community sample of 5,015 Canadian adolescents participating in a mental health promotion program. Youth (M age = 15.77, SD = 1.42, 50% female) were from two urban centers in southern Ontario, Canada. Youth engagement (youth’s most important type of activity, frequency of involvement, and psychological engagement), suicide risk predictive factors (self-esteem, current concerns, depressive symptoms, coping ability, and connections with others), and suicide risk (ideation and attempts) were assessed. Consistent with the hypothesized mediation model, enjoyment and stress in youth’s most important activity and various activity types were associated with the various hypothesized suicide risk predictive factors, which in turn were related to suicide risk. Implications for conceptualizations of youth engagement as a multidimensional construct and for suicide risk prevention efforts are discussed.

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Notes

  1. Results based on the subsample of 4,131 respondents (82% of full sample) who did not have any missing data were consistent with those based on complete sample using the imputed values.

  2. The use of an ordinal regression approach allowed us to model the three levels of the dependent measure as ordinal in nature (reflecting lower to higher levels of suicide risk), rather than continuous (as assumed by ordinary least squares regression model) or purely categorical (as assumed by multinomial logistic regression). To account for the positively skewed distribution of the dependent measure (i.e., most respondents were categorized as low risk), a negative log–log link function was employed in the ordinal regression models. Further, in each ordinal regression analysis, the assumption of parallel lines (i.e., the assumption that the regression coefficients did not differ significantly across levels of the dependent measure) was met, as indicated by non-significant chi-square tests (i.e., ps > .05).

  3. A series of nine dummy codes (0 vs. 1) were used to contrast each type of activity with the group of respondents not providing a description of a meaningful activity or responding “not sure” or “nothing” (i.e., the reference category).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada

    Heather L. Ramey, Michael A. Busseri & Linda Rose-Krasnor

  2. Centre of Excellence for Youth Engagement, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Heather L. Ramey, Michael A. Busseri, Nishad Khanna,  Youth Net/Réseau Ado Ottawa & Linda Rose-Krasnor

  3. Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Youth Net Hamilton

  4. Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Youth Net/Réseau Ado Ottawa

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  1. Heather L. Ramey
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Ramey, H.L., Busseri, M.A., Khanna, N. et al. Youth Engagement and Suicide Risk: Testing a Mediated Model in a Canadian Community Sample. J Youth Adolescence 39, 243–258 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9476-y

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