Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Patterns of Nonverbal Behavior and Sensivity in the Context of Attachment Relations

  • Published:
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nonverbal behavior and sensitivity to a relationship partner’s nonverbal behavior importantly influence the quality of interpersonal interactions and relationships, including attachment relationships. The abilities to encode, or express, and to decode, or understand, nonverbal cues are crucial to effective communication of emotions and are associated with social adjustment and relationship satisfaction. One important social context for the development and use of nonverbal encodingand decoding abilities is what Bowlby (1969/1982, Attachment and loss: Vol.1.Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books) called attachment relationships—interpersonal relationships in which one person’s emotional security depends on another person’s sensitive, responsive caregiving and support. In this paper, we present theoretical ideas, review relevant research, and propose new avenues of research dealing with associations between attachment-related processes and patterns of nonverbal behavior and sensitivity in adulthood, two domains of research that have not previously been adequately connected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • M. D. S. Ainsworth M. C. Blehar E. Waters S. Wall (1978) Patterns of attachment: Assessed in the strange situation and at home Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • P. A. Andersen L. K. Guerrero (1998) The bright side of relational communication: Interpersonal warmth as a social emotion P. A. Andersen L. K. Guerrero (Eds) Handbook of communication and emotion: Research, theory, applications, and contexts Academic Press San Diego, CA 303–329

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Bandura (1969) Principles of behavior modification Holt, Rinehart, & Winston New York

    Google Scholar 

  • A. P. Barbee M. R. Cunningham (1995) ArticleTitleAn experimental approach to social support communications: Interactive coping in close relationships Communication Yearbook 18 381–413

    Google Scholar 

  • A. P. Barbee T. L. Rowatt M. R. Cunningham (1998) When a friend is in need: Feelings about seeking, giving, and receiving social support P. A. Andersen L. K. Guerrero (Eds) Handbook of communication and emotion: Research, theory, applications, and contexts Academic Press San Diego, CA 281–301

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Bartholomew (1990) ArticleTitleAvoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 7 147–178

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Becker-Stoll A. Delius S. Scheitenberger (2001) ArticleTitleAdolescents’ nonverbal emotional expressions during negotiation of a disagreement with their mothers: An attachment approach International Journal of Behavioral Development 25 344–353 Occurrence Handle10.1080/01650250143000102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Belsky M. Rovine D. C. Taylor (1984) ArticleTitleThe Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project: II. The development of reciprocal interaction in the mother–infant dyad Child Development 48 706–717

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Berant M. Mikulincer V. Florian (2001) ArticleTitleAttachment style and mental health: A one-year follow-up study of mothers of infants with congenital heart disease Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 8 956–968

    Google Scholar 

  • F. J. Bernieri (2001) Toward a taxonomy of interpersonal sensitivity J. A. Hall F. J. Bernieri (Eds) Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory and measurement Erlbaum Mahwah, NJ 3–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.

  • J. Bowlby (1973) Attachment and loss: Separation: Anxiety and anger Basic Books New York

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Bowlby (1980) Attachment and loss: Sadness and depression Basic Books New York

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Bowlby (1988) A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory Routledge London

    Google Scholar 

  • K. A. Brennan C. L. Clark P. R. Shaver (1998) Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview J. A. Simpson W. S. Rholes (Eds) Attachment theory and close relationships Guilford Press New York 46–76

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Buck (1984) The communication of emotion Guilford Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • J. K. Burgoon D. B. Buller W. G. Woodall (1996) Nonverbal communication: The unspoken dialogue EditionNumber2nd McGraw-Hill New York

    Google Scholar 

  • L. A. Camras S. Ribordy J. Hill S. Martino S. Spaccarelli R. Stefani (1988) ArticleTitleRecognition and posing of emotional expressions by abused children and their mothers Developmental Psychology 24 776–781 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0012-1649.24.6.776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Cassidy (1994) ArticleTitleEmotion regulation: Influence of attachment relationships Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 59 228–249 Occurrence Handle7984163

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J. Cassidy R. Kobak (1988) Avoidance and its relation to other defensive processes J. Belsky T. Nezworski (Eds) Clinical implications of attachment Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ 300–323

    Google Scholar 

  • N. L. Collins B. C. Feeney (2000) ArticleTitleA safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 1053–1073 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.78.6.1053 Occurrence Handle10870908

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L. E. Crandell H. E. Fitzgerald E. Whipple (1997) ArticleTitleDyadic synchrony in parent–child interactions: A link with maternal representations of attachment relationships Infant Mental Health Journal 18 247–264 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0355(199723)18:3<247::AID-IMHJ2>3.0.CO;2-K

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. M. DePaulo (1992) ArticleTitleNonverbal behavior and self-presentation Psychological Bulletin 111 203–243 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0033-2909.111.2.203 Occurrence Handle1557474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • B. M. DePaulo G. L. Brittingham M. K. Kaiser (1983) ArticleTitleReceiving competence-relevant help: Effects on reciprocity, affect, and sensitivity to the helper’s nonverbally expressed needs Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45 1045–1060 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.45.5.1045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. M. DePaulo J. D. Fisher (1981) ArticleTitleToo tuned-out to take: The role of nonverbal sensitivity in help seeking Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 7 201–205

    Google Scholar 

  • B. M. Paulo ParticleDe H. S. Friedman (1998) Nonverbal communication D. T. Gilbert S. T. Fiske (Eds) The handbook of social psychology McGraw-Hill New York 3–40

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Ducharme A. B. Doyle D. Markiewicz (2002) ArticleTitleAttachment security with mother and father: Associations with adolescents’ reports of interpersonal behavior with parents and peers Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 19 203–231

    Google Scholar 

  • R. S. Edelstein K. W. Alexander P. R. Shaver G. S. Goodman J. M. Schaaf J. A. Quas (2004) ArticleTitleAdult attachment style and parental responsiveness during a stressful event Attachment and Human Development 6 31–52 Occurrence Handle10.1080/146167303100001659584 Occurrence Handle14982678

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • N. Eisenberg S. Losoya R. A. Fabes I. K. Guthrie M. Reiser B. Murphy S. A. Shepard R. Poulin S. Padgett (2001) ArticleTitleParental socialization of children’s dysregulated expression of emotion and externalizing problems Journal of Family Psychology 15 183–205 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0893-3200.15.2.183 Occurrence Handle11458628

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P. Ekman (1988) ArticleTitleLying and nonverbal behavior: Theoretical issues and new findings Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 12 163–175 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00987486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Feeney (1995) ArticleTitleAdult attachment and emotional control Personal Relationships 2 143–159 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00082.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Feeney (1996) ArticleTitleAttachment, caregiving, and marital satisfaction Personal Relationships 3 401–416 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00124.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Feeney (1999) Adult romantic attachment and couple relationships J. Cassidy P. R. Shaver (Eds) Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications Guilford Press New York 355–377

    Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Feeney L. Hohaus (2001) ArticleTitleAttachment and spousal caregiving Personal Relationships 8 21–39 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00026.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Fonagy M. Steele H. Steele G. S. Moran P. Higgit (1991) ArticleTitleThe capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment Infant Mental Health Journal 12 201–218

    Google Scholar 

  • R. C. Fraley P. R. Shaver (1998) ArticleTitleAirport separations: A naturalistic study of adult attachment dynamics in separating couples Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 1198–1212 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.75.5.1198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. C. Fraley P. R. Shaver (2000) ArticleTitleAdult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions Review of General Psychology 4 132–154 Occurrence Handle10.1037//1089-2680.4.2.132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. C. Fraley N. G. Waller (1998) Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological model J. A. Simpson W. S. Rholes (Eds) Attachment theory and close relationships Guilford Press New York 77–114

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Geerts A. L. Bouhuys G. M. Bloem (1997) ArticleTitleNonverbal support giving induces nonverbal support seeking in depressed patients Journal of Clinical Psychology 53 35–39 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199701)53:1<35::AID-JCLP5>3.0.CO;2-U Occurrence Handle9120030

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L. K. Guerrero (1996) ArticleTitleAttachment-style differences in intimacy and involvement: A test of the four-category model Communication Monographs 63 269–292

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Haft A. Slade (1989) ArticleTitleAffect attunement and maternal attachment: A pilot study Infant Mental Health Journal 10 157–172

    Google Scholar 

  • A. G. Halberstadt (1986) ArticleTitleFamily socialization of emotion expression and nonverbal communication styles and skills Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 827–836 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.51.4.827

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Hall J. D. Carter T. G. Horgan (2001) ArticleTitleStatus roles and recall of nonverbal cues Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 25 79–100 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1010797627793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Hall A. G. Halberstadt C. E. O’Brien (1997) ArticleTitle“Subordination” and nonverbal sensitivity: A study and synthesis of findings based on trait measures Sex Roles 37 295–317 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1025608105284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. F. Harlow (1959) ArticleTitleLove in infant monkeys Scientific American 200 68–86 Occurrence Handle13658993

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C. Hazan P. R. Shaver (1987) ArticleTitleRomantic love conceptualized as an attachment process Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 511–524 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.52.3.511 Occurrence Handle3572722

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • N. M. Henley (1977) Body politics: Power, sex, and nonverbal communication Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Hesse (1999) The Adult Attachment Interview: Historical and current perspectives J. Cassidy P. R. Shaver (Eds) Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications Guilford Press New York 395–433

    Google Scholar 

  • H. S. Hodgins C. Belch (2000) ArticleTitleInterpersonal violence and nonverbal abilities Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 24 3–24 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006602921315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. A. Isabella J. Belsky (1991) ArticleTitleInteractional synchrony and the origins of infant–mother attachment: A replication study Child Development 62 373–384 Occurrence Handle2055128

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R. A. Isabella J. Belsky A. Eye Particlevon (1989) ArticleTitleOrigins of infant–mother attachment: An examination of interactional synchrony during the infant’s first year Developmental Psychology 25 12–21 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0012-1649.25.1.12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. M. Jones L. K. Guerrero (2001) ArticleTitleThe effects of nonverbal immediacy and verbal person centeredness in the emotional support process Human Communication Research 27 567–596 Occurrence Handle10.1093/hcr/27.4.567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Kafetsios J. B. Nezlek (2002) ArticleTitleAttachment styles in everyday social interaction European Journal of Social Psychology 32 719–735 Occurrence Handle10.1002/ejsp.130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. P. R. Keelan K. Dion K. L. Dion (1998) ArticleTitleAttachment style and relationship satisfaction: Test of a self-disclosure explanation Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science 30 24–35

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Kestenbaum E. A. Farber L. A. Sroufe (1989) Individual differences in empathy among preschoolers: Relation to attachment history N. Eisenberg (Eds) Empathy and related emotional competence: New Directions for Child Development Jossey-Bass San Francisco, CA 51–64

    Google Scholar 

  • L. J. Kunce P. R. Shaver (1994) An attachment-theoretical approach to caregiving in romantic relationships K. Bartholomew D. Perlman (Eds) Advances in personal relationships Kingsley London, UK 205–237

    Google Scholar 

  • M. LaFrance N. M. Henley (1994) On oppressing hypotheses: Or differences in nonverbal sensitivity revisited H. Radtke S. Lorraine J. Henderikus (Eds) Power/gender: Social relations in theory and practice Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, CA 287–311

    Google Scholar 

  • B. A. Le Poire C. Shepard A. Duggan (1999) ArticleTitleNonverbal involvement, expressiveness, and pleasantness as predicted by parental and partner attachment style Communication Monographs 66 293–311

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Magai C. I. Cohen C. Culver D. Gomberg C. Malatesta (1997) ArticleTitleRelation between premorbid personality and patterns of emotion expression in mid- to late-stage dementia International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 12 1092–1099 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199711)12:11<1092::AID-GPS690>3.0.CO;2-X Occurrence Handle9427093

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C. Magai N. Distel R. Liker (1995) ArticleTitleEmotion socialisation, attachment, and patterns of adult emotional traits Cognition and Emotion 9 461–481

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Magai J. Hunziker W. Messias L. C. Culver (2000) ArticleTitleAdult attachment styles and emotional biases International Journal of Behavioral Development 24 301–309 Occurrence Handle10.1080/01650250050118286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer (1998) ArticleTitleAdult attachment style and individual differences in functional versus dysfunctional experiences of anger Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 513–524 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.74.2.513 Occurrence Handle9491590

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer T. Dolev P. R. Shaver (2004) ArticleTitleAttachment related strategies during thought-suppression: Ironic rebounds and vulnerable self-representations Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 940–956 Occurrence Handle10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.940 Occurrence Handle15598116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer O. Gillath V. Halevy N. Avihou S. Avidan N. Eshkoli (2001) ArticleTitleAttachment theory and reactions to others’ needs: Evidence that activation of the sense of attachment security promotes empathic responses Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 1205–1224 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.81.6.1205 Occurrence Handle11761318

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer O. Gillath P. R. Shaver (2002) ArticleTitleActivation of the attachment system in adulthood: Threat-related primes increase the accessibility of mental representations of attachment figures Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83 881–895 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.83.4.881 Occurrence Handle12374442

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer G. Hirschberger O. Nachmias O. Gillath (2001) ArticleTitleThe affective component of the secure base schema: Affective priming with representations of attachment security Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 305–321 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.81.2.305 Occurrence Handle11519934

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer N. Horesh (1999) ArticleTitleAdult attachment style and the perception of others: The role of projective mechanisms Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 1022–1034 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.76.6.1022 Occurrence Handle10402684

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer O. Nachshon (1991) ArticleTitleAttachment styles and patterns of self-disclosure Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 321–331 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.61.2.321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer I. Orbach D. Iavnieli (1998) ArticleTitleAdult attachment style and affect regulation: Strategic variations in subjective self-other similarity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 436–448 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.75.2.436 Occurrence Handle9731318

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Mikulincer P. R. Shaver (2003) The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes M. P. Zanna (Eds) Advances in experimental social psychology Academic Press New York 53–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. (in press). Attachment, compassion, and altruism: Augmentation of attachment security increases compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

  • W. Mischel (1973) ArticleTitleToward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality Psychological Review 80 252–283 Occurrence Handle4721473

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P. Nicely C. S. Tamis-LeMonda W. S. Grolnick (1999) ArticleTitleMaternal responsiveness to infant affect: Stability and prediction Infant Behavior and Development 22 103–117 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0163-6383(99)80008-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. M. Niedenthal M. Brauer L. Robin A. H. Innes-Ker (2002) ArticleTitleAdult attachment and the perception of facial expression of emotion Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 419–433 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.82.3.419 Occurrence Handle11902625

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P. Noller (1985) Nonverbal communication and marital interaction Pergamon New York

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Noller J. A. Feeney (1994) ArticleTitleRelationship satisfaction, attachment, and nonverbal accuracy in early marriage Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 18 199–221

    Google Scholar 

  • C. I. Notarius R. W. Levenson (1979) ArticleTitleExpressive tendencies and physiological response to stress Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 1204–1210 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.37.7.1204 Occurrence Handle490311

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P. R. Pietromonaco L. Feldman Barrett (1997) ArticleTitleWorking models of attachment and daily social interactions Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73 1409–1423 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.73.6.1409 Occurrence Handle9418285

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S. D. Pollak S. A. Tolley-Schell (2002) ArticleTitleEffects of early experience on children’s recognition of facial displays of emotion Developmental Psychology 38 784–791 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0012-1649.38.5.784 Occurrence Handle12220055

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S. D. Pollak S. A. Tolley-Schell (2003) ArticleTitleSelective attention to facial emotion in physically abused children Journal of Abnormal Psychology 112 323–338 Occurrence Handle10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.323 Occurrence Handle12943012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J. E. Roberts I. H. Gotlib J. D. Kassel (1996) ArticleTitleAdult attachment security and symptoms of depression: The mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 310–320 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.70.2.310 Occurrence Handle8636884

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R. Rosenthal J. A. Hall M. R. DiMatteo P. L. Rogers D. Archer (1979) Sensitivity to nonverbal communication: The PONS test The John Hopkins University Press Baltimore, MD

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Searle N. M. Meara (1999) ArticleTitleAffective dimensions of attachment styles: Exploring self-reported attachment style, gender, and emotional experience among college students Journal of Counseling Psychology 46 147–158 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-0167.46.2.147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. R. Shaver C. L. Clark (1994) The psychodynamics of adult romantic attachment J. M. Masling R. F. Bornstein (Eds) Empirical perspectives on object relations theory: Empirical studies of psychoanalytic theories American Psychological Association Washington, DC 105–156

    Google Scholar 

  • P. R. Shaver C. Hazan (1993) Adult romantic attachment: Theory and evidence D. Perlman W. Jones (Eds) Advances in personal relationships Jessica Kingsley London 29–70

    Google Scholar 

  • A. W. Siegman S. Feldstein (1987) Nonverbal behavior and communication Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Simpson W. Ickes T. Blackstone (1995) ArticleTitleWhen the head protects the heart: Empathic accuracy in dating relationships Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 629–641 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Simpson W. S. Rholes J. S. Nelligan (1992) ArticleTitleSupport seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment styles Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 434–446 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.62.4.688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Simpson W. S. Rholes M. Orina J. Grich (2002) ArticleTitleWorking models of attachment, support giving, and support seeking in a stressful situation Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 598–608

    Google Scholar 

  • S. E. Snodgrass (1985) ArticleTitleWomen’s intuition: The effect of subordinate role on interpersonal sensitivity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49 146–155 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.49.1.146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Sonnby-Borgstroem P. Joensson (2003) ArticleTitleModels-of-self and models-of- others as related to facial muscle reactions at different levels of cognitive control Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 44 141–151 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1467-9450.00332 Occurrence Handle12778982

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G. Spangler P. Zimmermann (1999) ArticleTitleAttachment representation and emotion regulation in adolescents: A psychobiological perspective on internal working models Attachment and Human Development 1 270–290 Occurrence Handle11708227

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. C. O. Tidwell H. T. Reis P. R. Shaver (1996) ArticleTitleAttachment, attractiveness, and social interaction: A diary study Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 729–745 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.71.4.729 Occurrence Handle8888601

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E. Z. Tronick (1989) ArticleTitleEmotions and emotional communication in infants American Psychologist 44 112–119 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0003-066X.44.2.112 Occurrence Handle2653124

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Tucker S. L. Anders (1998) ArticleTitleAdult attachment style and nonverbal closeness in dating couples Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 22 109–124 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1022980231204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Tucker S. L. Anders (1999) ArticleTitleAttachment style, interpersonal perception accuracy, and relationship satisfaction in dating couples Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25 403–412

    Google Scholar 

  • M. IJzendoorn ParticleVan (1995) ArticleTitleAdult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview Psychological Bulletin 117 387–403 Occurrence Handle7777645

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E. Waters G. Posada J. A. Crowell K. L. Lay (1994) ArticleTitleThe development of attachment: From control system to working models Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 57 32–42

    Google Scholar 

  • B. A. Winstead V. J. Derlega J. Sanchez-Hucles E. Clarke (1992) ArticleTitleFriendship, social interaction, and coping with stress Communication Research 19 193–211

    Google Scholar 

  • P. A. Yankeelov A. P. Barbee M. R. Cunningham P. B. Druen (1995) ArticleTitleThe influence of negative medical diagnoses and verbal and nonverbal support activation strategies on the interactive coping process Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 19 243–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann , P., Wulf, K., & Grossmann, K. E. (1997). Attachment representation: You can see it in the face. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the ISSBD, Quebec, Canada.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Davis, CA, USA

    Dory A. Schachner & Phillip R. Shaver

  2. Bar-llan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

    Mario Mikulincer

  3. Department of Psychology, University of California,Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616-8686, Davis, CA, USA

    Dory A. Schachner

Authors
  1. Dory A. Schachner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Phillip R. Shaver
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mario Mikulincer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dory A. Schachner.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schachner, D.A., Shaver, P.R. & Mikulincer, M. Patterns of Nonverbal Behavior and Sensivity in the Context of Attachment Relations. J Nonverbal Behav 29, 141–169 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-005-4847-x

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-005-4847-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation