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Open Issues in Intelligent Personal Health Record – An Updated Status Report for 2012

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Abstract

To improve the capability and usability of the personal health record (PHR) as a tool to empower consumers in the management of their own health, we have proposed the concept of an intelligent PHR (iPHR) and built a prototype iPHR system with four functions. These four functions use various health knowledge and computer science techniques to automatically provide users with personalized healthcare information to facilitate their well-being. This paper discusses several open issues in iPHR, including two enhancements to an existing function and two potential new functions. The two enhancements are for automatically compiling relevant self-care activities for each health issue and automatically identifying contraindicated self-care activities, respectively. One potential new function is personalized search for individual healthcare providers. Another potential new function is personalized local search for health-related services to help maintain patients in their homes. We include some preliminary thoughts on how to address these open issues with the hope to stimulate future research work on iPHR.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Selena Thomas, Guilherme Del Fiol, Libin Shen, Xiaotong Zhuang, Mollie R. Cummins, Linda S. Edelman, Leslie A. Lenert, Lewis J. Frey, Stéphane M. Meystre, Susan Terry, Qing T. Zeng, Chuck Norlin, John F. Hurdle, and Scott P. Narus for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, HSEB Room 5725B, 26 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Gang Luo

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Correspondence to Gang Luo.

Appendices

Appendix A: List of acronyms

AIRS:

Alliance of Information and Referral Systems

HRS:

health-related service

ICD:

International Classification of Diseases

IHP:

individual healthcare provider

iPHR:

intelligent personal health record

PHR:

personal health record

RCT:

randomized clinical trial

SCA:

self-care activity

SMART:

Substitutable Medical Applications, Reusable Technologies

SNOMED CT:

Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms

SPC:

Summary of Product Characteristics

Appendix B: List of symbols

α H :

a positive constant controlling the degree of discounting over time for the health issue H

A :

SCA

B :

business or organization

B l :

the business or organization in the set S remaining with the largest relevance score

c :

criterion

C :

the complete set of search guide information for all health issues of concern by the user

d H :

health issue weight discount factor

d T :

type weight discount factor

D T :

the text displayed as the name of the type T of HRS in the navigation hierarchy of the navigation output interface

F :

the set of criteria used in computing the degree of matching between an IHP’s profile and the user’s needs

F′ :

the set of criteria in F that are relevant to the user and have non-empty utilities

G :

search guide phrase

H, H 1 , H 2 :

health issue

I 1 , I 2 :

IHP

J :

the number of top businesses and organizations re-ranked for search result diversification

K b :

health knowledge base

L :

the user’s location

L h :

the list of health issues of concern by the user

L u :

the user’s location at a specific level of geographical granularity

n_w H :

the normalized weight of the health issue H

n_w T,H :

the normalized weight of the type T of HRS for the health issue H

N :

a constant to control the amount of time spent on search result diversification

N h :

the user’s general need of HRSs regardless of his location

P B :

the profile of the business or organization B

Q c :

conceptual query representing the user’s overall need

Q G,L :

the query formed from the combination of the search guide phrase G and the user’s location L

R all :

the complete set of retrieved businesses and organizations

rank(B, Q G,L ):

the rank of the business or organization B among all businesses and organizations that the query Q G,L retrieves from the local Web search engine

score(B, Q G,L ):

the business or organization B’s ranking score that the local Web search engine computes for the query Q G,L

score(B, Q c ):

the business or organization B’s relevance score computed for the conceptual query Q c

s G :

the map scale that the local Web search engine returns for displaying the set S G,L of businesses and organizations on a map in the output interface

S G,L :

the set of businesses and organizations retrieved by the query Q G,L

S H :

the list of types of HRSs relevant to the health issue H

S remaining :

the set of businesses and organizations remaining to be returned to the user

S returned :

the set of businesses and organizations already returned to the user

S T :

the set of phrases pre-compiled for the type T of HRS

S T,H :

the set of search guide phrases formed for the type T of HRS when T is linked to the health issue H

t c :

the current time

t l :

the most recent time when an IHP saw a patient with a particular health issue

T :

type of HRS

T T,H :

the text explaining why the type T of HRS is relevant to the health issue H

u c :

the utility computed for the criterion c

w c :

the weight of the criterion c

w H :

the weight of the health issue H

w T,H :

the weight of the type T of HRS for the health issue H

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Luo, G. Open Issues in Intelligent Personal Health Record – An Updated Status Report for 2012. J Med Syst 37, 9943 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-013-9943-6

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