Abstract
We report on experiments in which we study cavitation resulting from electrons in liquid helium. Electrons are introduced into the liquid by a radioactive source. After an electron comes to rest in the liquid, it forces open a small cavity referred to as an electron bubble. To study cavitation, a sound pulse is generated by means of a hemispherical piezoelectric transducer producing a large-amplitude pressure oscillation at the acoustic focus. If an electron is in the vicinity of the focus and the negative-going pressure swing exceeds a critical value, a cavitation bubble is produced which can be detected by light scattering. Two distinct critical pressures \( P_{\text{el}} \) and \( P_{\text{rare}} \) have been measured. The first corresponds to cavitation resulting from the application of a reduced pressure to liquid containing an electron which has already formed an electron bubble. The second is the critical pressure needed to lead to cavitation when an electron enters the liquid at a time and place where there is already a reduced pressure. We have measured these two pressures as a function of temperature and consider possible explanations for the difference between them. In addition to these clearly seen cavitation thresholds, there are some cavitation events that have been detected with a threshold that is at an even smaller negative pressure than \( P_{\text{el}} \) and \( P_{\text{rare}} \).
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
There is a mistake in this paper. The threshold pressure should be \( - \,1.89 \times 0.6 = - \,1.13 \) bars, not \( - \,1.3 \) bars.
The correction due to Roche et al. [41] has been applied.
References
J.A. Nissen, E. Bodegom, L.C. Brodie, J.S. Semura, Phys. Rev. B 40, 6617 (1989)
Q. Xiao, H.J. Maris, J. Low Temp. Phys. 82, 105 (1991)
M.S. Pettersen, S. Balibar, H.J. Maris, Phys. Rev. B 49, 12062 (1994)
H. Lambaré, P. Roche, S. Balibar, H.J. Maris, O.A. Andreeva, C. Guthmann, K.O. Keshishev, E. Rolley, Eur. Phys. J. 2, 381 (1998)
F. Caupin, S. Balibar, Phys. Rev. B 64, 064507 (2001)
X. Chavanne, S. Balibar, F. Caupin, J. Low Temp. Phys. 126, 615 (2002)
A. Qu, A. Trimeche, J. Dupont-Roc, J. Grucker, Ph Jacquier, Phys. Rev. B 91, 214115 (2015)
D.N. Sinha, J.S. Semura, L.C. Brodie, Phys. Rev. A 26, 1048 (1982)
D. Lezak, L.C. Brodie, J.S. Semura, E. Bodegom, Phys. Rev. B 37, 150 (1988)
V.L. Tsymbalenko, J. Low Temp. Phys. 88, 55 (1992)
X. Chavanne, S. Balibar, F. Caupin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5506 (2001)
X. Chavanne, S. Balibar, F. Caupin, J. Low Temp. Phys. 125, 155 (2001)
F. Werner, G. Beaume, A. Hobeika, S. Nascimbene, C. Herrmann, F. Caupin, S. Balibar, J. Low Temp. Phys. 136, 93 (2004)
S. Balibar, F. Caupin, C. R. Phys. 7, 988 (2006)
R. Ishiguro, F. Caupin, S. Balibar, Europhys. Lett. 75, 91 (2006)
R. Ishiguro, F. Caupin, S. Balibar, J. Low Temp. Phys. 148, 645 (2007)
F. Souris, J. Grucker, J. Dupont-Roc, P. Jacquier, J. Low Temp. Phys. 162, 412 (2011)
F. Souris, J. Grucker, J. Dupont-Roc, P. Jacquier, Europhys. Lett. 95, 66011 (2011)
F. Souris, A. Qu, J. Dupont-Roc, J. Grucker, P. Jacquier, J. Low Temp. Phys. 179, 390 (2015)
C.-K. Su, C.E. Cramer, H.J. Maris, J. Low Temp. Phys. 113, 479 (1998)
J. Classen, C.-K. Su, M. Mohazzab, H.J. Maris, Phys. Rev. B 57, 3000 (1998)
V.A. Akulichev, Y.Y. Boguslavskii, Sov. Phys. JETP 35, 1012 (1972)
H.J. Maris, D. Konstantinov, J. Low Temp. Phys. 121, 615 (2000)
D. Konstantinov, H.J. Maris, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 025302 (2003)
W. Guo, D. Jin, G.M. Seidel, H.J. Maris, Phys. Rev. B 79, 054515 (2009)
G.M. Seidel, T.M. Ito, A. Ghosh, B. Sethumadhavan, Phys. Rev. C 89, 025808 (2014)
D.N. McKinsey, C.R. Brome, J.S. Butterworth, S.N. Dzhosyuk, P.R. Huffman, C.E.H. Mattoni, J.M. Doyle, R. Golub, K. Habicht, Phys. Rev. A 59, 200 (1999)
J.W. Keto, F.J. Soley, M. Stockton, W.A. Fitzsimmons, Phys. Rev. A 10, 872 (1974)
J.W. Keto, M. Stockton, W.A. Fitzsimmons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 792 (1972)
V.B. El’tsov, A.Y. Parshin, I.A. Todoshchenko, Zh. Exper. Teor. Fiz. 108, 1657 (1995)
V.B. El’tsov, A.Y. Parshin, I.A. Todoshchenko, Sov. Phys. JETP 81, 909 (1995)
V.B. El’tsov, S.N. Dzhosyuk, A.Y. Parshin, I.A. Todoshchenko, J. Low Temp. Phys. 110, 219 (1998)
M. Guilleumas, M. Pi, M. Barranco, J. Navarro, M.A. Solis, Phys. Rev. B 47, 9116 (1993)
D.M. Jezek, M. Guilleumas, M. Pi, M. Barranco, J. Navarro, Phys. Rev. B 48, 16582 (1993)
S.C. Hall, H.J. Maris, J. Low Temp. Phys. 107, 263 (1997)
A. Ghosh, H.J. Maris, J. Low Temp. Phys. 134, 251 (2004)
D. Konstantinov, W. Homsi, J. Luzuriaga, C.-K. Su, M.A. Weilert, H.J. Maris, J. Low Temp. Phys. 113, 485 (1998)
J.R. Broomall, W.D. Johnson, D.G. Onn, Phys. Rev. B 14, 2819 (1976)
M. Iino, M. Suzuki, A.J. Ikushima, J. Low Temp. Phys. 61, 155 (1985)
P. Roche, G. Deville, H.J. Appleyard, F.I.B. Williams, J. Low Temp. Phys. 106, 565 (1997)
K. Vokurka, Acustica 59, 214 (1986)
L.B. Lurio, T.A. Rabedeau, P.S. Pershan, I.F. Silvera, M. Deutsch, S.D. Kosowsky, B.M. Ocko, Phys. Rev. B 48, 9644 (1993)
J. Eloranta, V.A. Apkarian, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 10139 (2002)
D. Jin, H.J. Maris, J. Low Temp. Phys. 158, 317 (2010)
A.G. Tenner, Nucl. Inst. Methods 22, 1 (1963)
G. Careri, U. Fasoli, F.S. Gaeta, Nuovo Cim. 15, 774 (1960)
Acknowledgements
We thank M. Barranco, A. Ghosh and D. Jin for valuable discussions. This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-1505044 and by the Julian Schwinger Foundation Grant JSF-15-05-0000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, Y., Sirisky, S., Wei, W. et al. Nucleation of Bubbles by Electrons in Liquid Helium-4. J Low Temp Phys 192, 48–64 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-1879-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-1879-2