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Development of a measure of self-efficacy for acute headache medication adherence

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Abstract

Acute medication adherence is essential to manage chronic, episodic disorders, including headache. This paper describes the development of a measure of acute medication self-efficacy for headache (AMSE-H). Phase 1: 14 AMSE-H items were generated through qualitative interviews with 21 patients and 15 clinical headache experts. Phase 2: Researchers selected 7 AMSE-H items by examining item performance in 35 headache patients. Phase 3: Migraine patients (n = 161) completed the AMSE-H, and measures of outcome expectancies, perceived access to medication, headache management self-efficacy (n = 58) and a 1-week AMSE-H re-test (n = 103). Content validity was established through input of multiple stakeholder groups during item generation. PCA identified two components: cross-episode self-efficacy (eigenvalue = 3.4) and Episode-Specific Self-Efficacy (eigenvalue = 1.0). These subscales are internally consistent (.73–.80), have low 1-week test–retest reliability (rs = .52–.66), and demonstrated solid construct and discriminant validity. The AMSE-H is brief, theory-driven, focused, socially valid measure acceptable to both patients and providers.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of Dr. Frank O’Donnell in data collection and conceptualization, Drs. Julie Suhr, Bernadette Heckman, George Johanson and John Hitchcock for serving as members on the dissertation committee for this project, and members of the Ohio Headache Association for enthusiastic support of this project.

Funding

This research was funded through a Research Award granted to the first author from the Ohio Headache Association.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA

    Elizabeth K. Seng

  2. Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA

    Elizabeth K. Seng

  3. Mercy Research, Chesterfield, MO, USA

    Robert A. Nicholson

  4. Mercy Clinic Headache Center, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert A. Nicholson

  5. Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Kenneth A. Holroyd

Authors
  1. Elizabeth K. Seng
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  2. Robert A. Nicholson
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  3. Kenneth A. Holroyd
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Correspondence to Elizabeth K. Seng.

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Conflict of interest

Elizabeth K. Seng, Robert A. Nicholson and Kenneth A. Holroyd have no conflicts of interest to report.

Human and animal rights and Informed Consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Appendix: Acute medication self-efficacy-headache

Appendix: Acute medication self-efficacy-headache

Taking medication for your headache is a skill, just like anything else you learn to do. If you are learning to play baseball, you may feel very confident you can hit a single, but less confident you can hit a home run. Or, if you are learning to play the piano, you may feel confident to play a song with one hand, but less confident to play with both hands. In the same way, you may feel confident about taking medication for your headache at some times under certain circumstances, but less confident at other times and under different circumstances.

These questions ask about your confidence to take “acute” headache medication. You take acute medication when a headache happens (NOT every day to prevent headaches). What type(s) of acute headache medication do you take?

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Seng, E.K., Nicholson, R.A. & Holroyd, K.A. Development of a measure of self-efficacy for acute headache medication adherence. J Behav Med 39, 1033–1042 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9683-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9683-9

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