Abstract
Owing to their unique properties such as mechanical, optical, magnetic, nanomaterials attracted a great interest over the last two decades. Inorganic nanotubes, e.g. WS2, make an important class of nanomaterials with numerous potential applications. In the current work, a new synthetic strategy is developed to decorate the surface of WS2 nanotubes with FeWO4 nanoparticles. The FeWO4 nanoparticles were produced by first depositing amorphous iron oxide film onto the WS2 nanotubes’ surface and, subsequently, high-temperature annealing (600 °C). Careful analysis by electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction and other techniques were carried out. Based on these analyses, the growth mechanism of the hybrid nanostructures was elucidated. Magnetic measurements were employed to shed light on the magnetic behavior of the hybrid nanostructures. The orientation and position of the WS2 nanotubes decorated with the FeWO4 nanoparticles could be partially affected by applying a magnetic field using non-viscous solvents, like ethanol.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Xu Z, Shen C, Hou Y et al (2009) Oleylamine as both reducing agent and stabilizer in a facile synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. Chem Mater 21:1778–1780
Hui C, Shen C, Yang T et al (2008) Large-scale Fe3O4 nanoparticles soluble in water synthesized by a facile method. J Phys Chem C 112:11336–11339
Cassagneau T, Mallouk TE, Fendler JH (1998) Layer-by-layer assembly of thin film zener diodes from conducting polymers and CdSe nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 120:7848–7859
Kelly KL, Coronado E, Zhao LL, Schatz GC (2003) The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: the influence of size, shape, and dielectric environment. J Phys Chem B 107:668–677
Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yan J-Y et al (2012) A novel synthesis of star-like FeWO4 nanocrystals via a biomolecule-assisted route. J Nanoparticle Res 14:1–10
Cao X, Chen Y, Jiao S et al (2014) Magnetic photocatalysts with a p–n junction: Fe3O4 nanoparticle and FeWO4 nanowire heterostructures. Nanoscale 6:12366–12370
Qian J, Peng Z, Wu D, Fu X (2014) FeWO4/FeS core/shell nanorods fabricated by thermal evaporation. Mater Lett 122:86–89
Guo J, Zhou X, Lu Y et al (2012) Monodisperse spindle-like FeWO4 nanoparticles: controlled hydrothermal synthesis and enhanced optical properties. J Solid State Chem 196:550–556
Yu F, Cao L, Huang J, Wu J (2013) Effects of pH on the microstructures and optical property of FeWO4 nanocrystallites prepared via hydrothermal method. Ceram Int 39:4133–4138
Rajagopal S, Nataraj D, Khyzhun OY et al (2010) Hydrothermal synthesis and electronic properties of FeWO4 and CoWO4 nanostructures. J Alloys Compd 493:340–345
Zhou Y-X, Yao H-B, Zhang Q et al (2009) Hierarchical FeWO4 microcrystals: solvothermal synthesis and their photocatalytic and magnetic properties. Inorg Chem 48:1082–1090
He G-L, Chen M-J, Liu Y-Q et al (2015) Hydrothermal synthesis of FeWO4-graphene composites and their photocatalytic activities under visible light. Appl Surf Sci 351:474–479
Obermayer HA, Dachs H, Schröcke H (1973) Investigations concerning the coexistence of two magnetic phases in mixed crystals (Fe, Mn) WO4. Solid State Commun 12:779–784
Almeida MAP, Cavalcante LS, Morilla-Santos C et al (2012) Electronic structure and magnetic properties of FeWO4 nanocrystals synthesized by the microwave-hydrothermal method. Mater Charact 73:124–129
Tenne R, Margulis L, Genut M, Hodes G (1992) Polyhedral and cylindrical structures of tungsten disulphide. Nature 360:444–446
Margulis L, Salitra G, Tenne R, Talianker M (1993) Nested fullerene-like structures. Nature 365:113–114
Feldman Y, Wasserman E, Srolovitz DJ, Tenne R (1995) High-rate, gas-phase growth of MoS2 nested inorganic fullerenes and nanotubes. Science 267:222–225
Tenne R (2006) Inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles. J Mater Res 21:2726–2743
Bar-Sadan M, Kaplan-Ashiri I, Tenne R (2007) Inorganic fullerenes and nanotubes: wealth of materials and morphologies. Eur Phys J Spec Top 149:71–101
Levi R, Bitton O, Leitus G et al (2013) Field-effect transistors based on WS2 nanotubes with high current-carrying capacity. Nano Lett 13:3736–3741
Levi R, Garel J, Teich D et al (2015) Nanotube electromechanics beyond carbon: the case of WS2. ACS Nano 9:12224–12232
Olivas A, Villalpando I, Sepúlveda S et al (2007) Synthesis and magnetic characterization of nanostructures N/WS2, where N = Ni, Co and Fe. Mater Lett 61:4336–4339
Yadgarov L, Choi CL, Sedova A et al (2014) Dependence of the absorption and optical surface plasmon scattering of MoS2 nanoparticles on aspect ratio, size, and media. ACS Nano 8:3575–3583
Polyakov AY, Yadgarov L, Popovitz-Biro R et al (2014) Decoration of WS2 nanotubes and fullerene-like MoS2 with gold nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 118:2161–2169
Tsverin Y, Popovitz-Biro R, Feldman Y et al (2012) Synthesis and characterization of WS2 nanotube supported cobalt catalyst for hydrodesulfurization. Mater Res Bull 47:1653–1660
Komarneni MR, Yu Z, Burghaus U et al (2012) Characterization of Ni-coated WS2 nanotubes for hydrodesulfurization catalysis. Isr J Chem 52:1053–1062
Dai Y, Yan XH, Wu X et al (2016) Facile self-assembly of AgNPs/WS2 nanocomposites with enhanced electrochemical properties. Mater Lett 173:203–206
Dai Y, Wu X, Sha D et al (2016) Facile self-assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles@ WS2 nanosheets: a promising candidate for supercapacitor electrode. Electron Mater Lett 12:789–794
Shahar C, Zbaida D, Rapoport L et al (2009) Surface functionalization of WS2 fullerene-like nanoparticles. Langmuir 26:4409–4414
Zak A, Ecker LS, Efrati R et al (2011) Large-scale synthesis of WS2 multiwall nanotubes and their dispersion, an update. Sens Transducers 12:1–10
Krause M, Mücklich A, Zak A et al (2011) High resolution TEM study of WS2 nanotubes. Phys Status Solidi 248:2716–2719
Khusrhid H, Porshokouh ZN, Phan M-H et al (2014) Impacts of surface spins and inter-particle interactions on the magnetism of hollow γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 115:17E131
Coey JMD (1978) Amorphous magnetic order. J Appl Phys 49:1646–1652
Leslie-Pelecky DL, Rieke RD (1996) Magnetic properties of nanostructured materials. Chem Mater 8:1770–1783
Mørup S (1994) Superparamagnetism and spin glass ordering in magnetic nanocomposites. EPL (Europhysics Lett) 28:671–676
Mørup S, Tronc E (1994) Superparamagnetic relaxation of weakly interacting particles. Phys Rev Lett 72:3278–3281
Huang F, Lu X, Xu T et al (2012) Multiferroic properties of Co and Nd co-substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15 thin films. Thin Solid Films 520:6489–6492
Cullity BD, Graham CD (2009) Introduction to magnetic materials, 2nd edn. Wiley, New york
Huang F, Wang Z, Lu X et al (2013) Peculiar magnetism of BiFeO3 nanoparticles with size approaching the period of the spiral spin structure. Sci Rep 3:2907
Hauguel T, Pogossian SP, Dekadjevi DT et al (2012) Driving mechanism of exchange bias and magnetic anisotropy in multiferroic polycrystalline BiFeO3/permalloy bilayers. J Appl Phys 112:093904
Zhang Q, Murray P, You L et al (2016) Magnetic fingerprint of interfacial coupling between CoFe and nanoscale ferroelectric domain walls. Appl Phys Lett 109:082906
Meiklejohn WH, Bean CP (1957) New magnetic anisotropy. Phys Rev 102:1413–1414
Nogués J, Schuller IK (1999) Exchange bias. J Magn Magn Mater 192:203–232
Hu H, Larson RG (2006) Marangoni effect reverses coffee-ring depositions. J Phys Chem B 110:7090–7094
Kaplan-Ashiri I, Cohen SR, Gartsman K et al (2006) On the mechanical behavior of WS2 nanotubes under axial tension and compression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:523–528
Naffakh M, Marco C, Gómez MA et al (2009) Use of inorganic fullerene-like WS2 to produce new high-performance polyphenylene sulfide nanocomposites: role of the nanoparticle concentration. J Phys Chem B 113:10104–10111
Zohar E, Baruch S, Shneider M et al (2011) The effect of WS2 nanotubes on the properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites. J Adhes Sci Technol 25:1603–1617
Acknowledgement
We are grateful to Prof. Igor Lubomirsky (Weizmann Institute) for the help with the interpretation of the results. We are also grateful to Dr. Vlad Brumfeld for the assistance with the X-ray tomography analysis. This work was supported by the Israel National Nano-Initiative, the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 265/12), H. Perlman Foundation and the Irving and Azelle Waltcher Foundation in honor of Prof. M. Levy. The electron microscopy work was performed at the Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and BioNano Imaging (Weizmann Institute).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sedova, A., Leitus, G., Feldman, Y. et al. Synthesis of magnetic FeWO4 nanoparticles and their decoration of WS2 nanotubes surface. J Mater Sci 52, 6376–6387 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0871-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0871-6