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Lattice Boltzmann method based computation of the permeability of the orthogonal plain-weave fabric preforms

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Abstract

Changes in the permeability tensor of fabric preforms caused by various modes of fabric distortion and fabric-layers shifting and compacting is one of the key factors controlling resin flow during the infiltration stage of the common polymer-matrix composite liquid-molding processes. While direct measurements of the fabric permeability tensor generally yield the most reliable results, a large number of fabric architectures used and numerous deformation and layers rearrangement modes necessitates the development and the use of computational models for prediction of the preform permeability tensor. The Lattice Boltzmann method is used in the present work to study the effect of the mold walls, the compaction pressure, the fabric-tows shearing and the fabric-layers shifting on the permeability tensor of preforms based on orthogonal balanced plain-weave fabrics. The model predictions are compared with their respective experimental counterparts available in the literature and a reasonably good agreement is found between the corresponding sets of results.

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Abbreviations

f:

Particle distribution function

f f :

Fiber volume fraction

h :

Fabric thickness (m)

ϕ:

Relative dimensionless shift of the adjacent fabric layers

K :

Permeability tensor of the fabric (m2)

L :

In-plane quarter cell dimension (m)

p :

Pressure (Pa)

α:

Shear angle (deg.)

r f :

Fiber radius (m)

s :

Relative shift of the adjacent fabric layers (m)

e :

Particle velocity component

ρ:

Fluid point density (particles/lattice point)

Ω:

Collision operator

t :

Time (s)

τ:

Time relaxation parameter

t i :

Velocity component weighting factor

u :

Fluid nodal velocity (lattice parameters/time increment)

ν:

Fluid kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

x :

Nodal position vector

bot:

Quantity associated with the bottom surface of the fabric

top:

Quantity associated with the top surface of the fabric

B:

Quantity associated with the bottom channel

eq:

Equilibrium quantity

F:

Quantity associated with the fabric

T:

Quantity associated with the top channel

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Acknowledgements

The material presented in this paper is based on work supported by the U.S. Army Grant Number DAAD19-01-1-0661. The authors are indebted to Drs. Walter Roy, Fred Stanton, William DeRosset and Dennis Helfritch of ARL for the support and a continuing interest in the present work. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Office of High Performance Computing Facilities at Clemson University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, 241 Engineering Innovation Building, Clemson, SC, 29634-0921, USA

    M. Grujicic & K.M. Chittajallu

  2. Army Research Laboratory—WMRD AMSRL-WM-MD, Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, 21005-5069, USA

    Shawn Walsh

Authors
  1. M. Grujicic
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  2. K.M. Chittajallu
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  3. Shawn Walsh
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Correspondence to M. Grujicic.

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Grujicic, M., Chittajallu, K. & Walsh, S. Lattice Boltzmann method based computation of the permeability of the orthogonal plain-weave fabric preforms. J Mater Sci 41, 7989–8000 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0864-3

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