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Does allelopathy affect co-culturing Haslea ostrearia with other microalgae relevant to aquaculture?

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Abstract

Haslea ostrearia is a marine diatom known to produce marennine, a water-soluble blue-green pigment responsible for the greening of oysters in ponds along the French Atlantic coast. This phenomenon occurs seasonally when H. ostrearia blooms in oyster ponds, and it increases the economic value of cultured oysters. From an ecological perspective, H. ostrearia blooms are accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of other microalgae, suggesting that this diatom produces allelochemicals. Recent studies showed that purified marennine has other biological activities, for instance antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, which could be used in aquaculture to promote this pigment as a natural antipathogen agent. One important issue regarding the possible use of H. ostrearia in aquaculture as a mixed algal diet, however, is the importance of marennine allelopathy. In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effect of H. ostrearia on the growth of five microalgal species relevant to aquaculture: Chaetoceros calcitrans, Skeletonema costatum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis suecica, and Tisochrysis lutea. Allelopathic tests were realized by co-culturing these microalgae with H. ostrearia in batch and in semi-continuous mode, based on initial biovolume ratios. Our findings showed that inhibition of the growth of microalgae due to the presence of H. ostrearia and marennine was species dependent. Skeletonema costatum, C. calcitrans, and T. lutea were significantly more sensitive, whereas T. suecica and P. tricornutum appeared to be more resistant. Growth irradiance significantly influenced the allelopathic effect against the sensitive species S. costatum, and the H. ostrearia production of marennine increases with irradiance. Data presented in this study partly support the hypothesis that marennine released into the culture medium possibly acts as an allelochemical compound, thus explaining the dominance of H. ostrearia and the loss of sensitive algae in oyster ponds, but also that some species are insensitive, which allows co-culturing and use in a mixed algal diet in aquaculture.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the valuable contribution of F. Descarega for her technical assistance in providing the NCC microalgae and of the laboratory Ifremer Physiologie et Biotechnologie des Algues (PBA, Nantes) for other aquaculture-relevant species used in this study. We also thank the Campus France for the PhD scholarship granted to FSP. This work is a partial fulfillment of the requirements for a PhD (FSP), and a master degree (IS). This publication benefited from funding from the European Commission under the Community’s Seventh Framework Programme BIOVADIA (contract no. FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IRSES-269294, Biodiversity and Valorisation of Blue Diatoms) and also from the regional research foundation Syndicat Mixte pour le Développement de l’Aquaculture et de la Pêche des Pays de Loire (SMIDAP-PANDHA, arrêté no. 2013-04250). The authors acknowledge the valuable comments by the anonymous reviewers.

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    1. Laboratoire Mer Molécules Santé (MMS), FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université du Maine, 72085, Le Mans, France

      Fiddy S. Prasetiya, Ikha Safitri, Romain Gastineau, Eko Windarto & Jean-Luc Mouget

    2. Marine Science Department, Kampus FPIK UNDIP, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

      Ita Widowati

    3. Laboratoire Mer Molécules Santé, FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, 44322, Nantes, France

      Bruno Cognie, Priscilla Decottignies & Michèle Morançais

    4. Institut des Sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada

      Réjean Tremblay

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    1. Fiddy S. Prasetiya
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    Fiddy S. Prasetiya and Ikha Safitri contributed equally to this work.

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    Prasetiya, F.S., Safitri, I., Widowati, I. et al. Does allelopathy affect co-culturing Haslea ostrearia with other microalgae relevant to aquaculture?. J Appl Phycol 28, 2241–2254 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0779-y

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