Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exploring the potential of clay in mitigating Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum and other harmful algal species in the Philippines

  • Published:
Journal of Applied Phycology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Harmful algal bloom occurrences worldwide have prompted the testing and use of methods to control and mitigate their detrimental effects. This study investigates the potential of Philippine clay minerals to physically remove phytoplankton cells under laboratory conditions. Ball clay had the highest removal efficiency (∼95%) for Pyrodinium bahamense (paralytic shellfish poisoning causative organism) cells. A slight decrease in the efficiency by 10–20% was seen when culture volume was increased from 50 mL to 1 L. Removal efficiency was reduced to ∼95% when water motion was introduced. Removal of other phytoplankton species (Gymnodinium sanguineum, Amphidinium carterae, Pyrophacus horologium, Chatonella marina, and Alexandrium sp.) using ball clay was less efficient (<70%). Cell removal efficiencies differed with phytoplankton species belonging to the same taxonomic group. Possible mechanisms for cell removal are described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson D, Andersen P, Bricelj M, Cullen J, Rensel J (2001) Monitoring and management strategies for harmful algal blooms in coastal waters, APEC #201-MR-01.1, Asia Pacific Economic Program, Singapore, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Technical Series No. 59, Paris, 2

  • Anderson D, Sengco M, Li A, Beaulieu S (2004) Control of Florida red tides using phosphatic clay. Final report submitted to the Florida Institute of Phosphate Research

  • Archambault M, Grant J, Bricelj M (2003) Removal efficiency of the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra by phosphatic clay, and implication for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 253:97–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azanza-Corrales R, Hall R (1993) Isolation and culture of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum from the Philippines. In: Smayda TJ, Shimizu Y (eds) Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Elsevier Science, New York, pp 725–730

    Google Scholar 

  • Azanza R, Taylor M (2000) Are Pyrodinium blooms in the Southeast Asian region recurring and spreading? A view at the end of the millennium. Ambio 30:356–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Bae H, Choi H, Lee W, Yoon S (1998) Control of the red tide by yellow loess dispersion. In: Kim HG, Lee SG, Lee CK (eds) Proceedings of Korea–China Joint Symposium on Harmful Algal Blooms, pp 53–60

  • Bajarias FFA (1994) Survey of paralytic shellfish poison (PS) in Manila Bay, Philippines. Proceedings of IOC-WESTPAC Third International Scientific Symposium, Bali, Indonesia, 22–26 November 1994, pp 121–128

  • Boesch D, Anderson D, Horner R, Shumway S, Tester P, Whitledge T (1997) Harmful algal blooms in coastal waters: options for prevention, control and mitigation, NOAA coastal ocean program decision analysis series no. 10. NPAA Coastal Ocean Office, Silver Spring, pp 5–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Brownlee E (2005) The use of clay to remove algal blooms from Chesapeake Bay waters. Oceans 1:866–872

    Google Scholar 

  • Brusle J (1995) The impact of harmful algal blooms on finfish: occurrence of fish kills, pathology, toxicological mechanisms, ecological and economic impacts: editions IFREMER. Brest, p 75

  • CENR (2000) National assessment of harmful algal blooms in the US waters. National Science and Technology Council Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, Washington, p 47

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen H, Pan G, Zhang M (2004) Effect of growth phase on the flocculation of algal cells using clays. Huanjing Kexue 25(6):85–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi H, Kim P, Lee W, Yun S, Kim H, Lee H (1998) Removal efficiency of Cochlodinium polykrikoides by yellow loess. J Kor Fish Soc 31:109–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi H, Lee P, Yun S, Lee W, Bae H (1999) Control of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms and adsorption of nutrients in the seawater by clay and yellow loess. Bull Nat Fish Res Dev Inst (Korea) 57:105–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Guenther M, Bozelli R (2004) Factors influencing algae–clay aggregation. Hydrobiologia 523:217–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillard R, Rhyther J (1962) Studies on marine planktonic diatoms. Can J Microbiol 8:229–239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Han M, Kim W (2001) A theoretical consideration of algae removal with clays. Microchem J 68:157–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamykowski D, Reed R, Kirkpatrick G (1992) Comparison of sinking velocity, swimming velocity, rotation and path characteristics among six marine dinoflagellate species. Mar Biol 113:319–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis D, McConchie D (1994) Analytical sedimentology. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 103–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee Y, Choi J, Kim E, Youn S, Yang E (2008) Field experiments on mitigation of harmful algal blooms using a sophorolipid—yellow clay mixture and effects on marine plankton. Harmful Algae 7:154–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Schoonmaker J (2003) Chemical composition and mineralogy of marine sediments. Treatise on Geochemistry 7:1–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama T, Yamada R, Usui K, Suzuki H, Yoshida T (1987) Removal of marine red tide planktons with acid treated clay. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53(10):1811–1819

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Na G, Choi W, Chun Y (1996) A study on red tide control with loess suspension. J Aqua 9:239–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Padilla L, San Diego-McGlone M, Azanza R (2006) Preliminary results on the use of clay to control Pyrodinium bloom—a mitigation strategy. Sci Diliman 18:35–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce R, Henry M, Higham C, Blum P, Sengco M, Anderson D (2004) Removal of harmful algal cells (Karenia brevis) and toxins from seawater culture by clay flocculation. Harmful Algae 3:141–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preda M, Cox M (2005) Chemical and mineralogical composition of marine sediments, and relation to their source and transport, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia. J Mar Syst 53:169–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sengco M, Li A, Tugend K, Kulis D, Anderson D (2001) Removal of red- and brown-tide cells using clay flocculation. I. Laboratory culture experiments with Gymnodinium breve and Aureococcus anophagefferens. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 210:41–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sengco M, Hagstrom J, Graneli E, Anderson D (2005) Removal of Prymnesium parvum (Haptophyceae) and its toxins using clay minerals. Harmful Algae 4:261–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shirota A (1989) Red tide problem and countermeasure (2). Int J Aquac Fish Technol 1:195–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun J, Liu D (2003) Geometric models for calculating cell biovolume and surface area for phytoplankton. J Plankton Res 25:1331–1346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun X, Choi J (2004) Recovery and fate of three species of marine dinoflagellates after yellow clay flocculation. Hydrobiologia 519:153–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dolah F, Roelke D, Greene M (2001) Health and ecological impacts of harmful algal blooms: risk assessment needs. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 7(5):1329–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Z, Zou J, Ma X (1994a) Application of clays to removal of red tide organisms I. The coagulation of kaolin on red tide organisms. Oceanol Limnol Sinica 12(3):193–201 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Z, Zou J, Ma X (1994b) Application of clays to removal of red tide organisms. II. Coagulation of different species of red tide organisms with montmorillonite and effect of clay pretreatment. Oceanol Limnol Sinica 12(4):316–324 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Z, Zou J, Ma X (1995) Application of clays to removal of red tide organisms. III. The coagulation of kaolin on red tide organisms. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 13(1):62–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was made possible by the funding support from the Department of Science and Technology through the Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development (DOST-PCAMRD). The suggestions and revisions given by the reviewers are truly acknowledged. Kamille Manset helped in the preparation of the revised manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines

    Larry V. Padilla, Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone & Rhodora V. Azanza

Authors
  1. Larry V. Padilla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rhodora V. Azanza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Larry V. Padilla.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Padilla, L.V., San Diego-McGlone, M.L. & Azanza, R.V. Exploring the potential of clay in mitigating Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum and other harmful algal species in the Philippines. J Appl Phycol 22, 761–768 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9517-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9517-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation