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Genetic structure analysis of natural Sargassum muticum (Fucales, Phaeophyta) populations using RAPD and ISSR markers

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Abstract

Sargassum muticum is important in maintaining the structure and function of littoral ecosystems, and is used in aquaculture and alginate production, however, little is known about its population genetic attributes. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic structure of four populations of S. muticum and one outgroup of S. fusiforme (Harv.) Setchell from Shandong peninsula of China. The selected 24 RAPD primers and 19 ISSR primers amplified 164 loci and 122 loci, respectively. Estimates of genetic diversity with different indicators (P%, percentage of polymorphic loci; H, the expected heterozygosity; I, Shannon’s information index) revealed low or moderate level of genetic variations within each S. muticum population, and a high level of genetic differentiations were determined with pairwise unbiased genetic distance (D) and fixation index (F ST ) among the populations. The Mantel test showed that two types of matrices of D and F ST were highly correlated whether from RAPD (r = 0.9706, P = 0.009) or ISSR data (r = 0.9161, P = 0.009). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was conducted to apportion the variations among and within the S. muticum populations. It indicated that variations among populations were higher than those within populations, being 55.82% verse 44.18% by RAPD and 55.21% verse 44.79% by ISSR, respectively. Furthermore, the Mantel test suggested that genetic differentiations among populations were related to the geographical distances (r > 0.6), namely, conformed to the IBD (isolation by distance) model, as expected from UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages) cluster analysis. On the whole, the high genetic structuring among the four S. muticum populations along the distant locations was clearly indicated in RAPD and ISSR analyses (r > 0.9, P < 0.05) in our study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge NSFC (40618001), N_CUHK438/06 and the Shandong Agriculture Seedstock Breeding Project for financial assistance and anonymous reviewers for the comments. Thanks are also kindly given to Mr. J. T. Yao and Z. M. Hu for their assistances in the field sampling, to Miss Y. X. Liu for her help in map plotting and to Dr. X. L. Wang for his suggestion on data analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Fengjuan Zhao, Fuli Liu, Jidong Liu & Delin Duan

  2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China

    Fengjuan Zhao

  3. Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

    Put O. Ang Jr.

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  1. Fengjuan Zhao
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  2. Fuli Liu
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Correspondence to Delin Duan.

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Zhao, F., Liu, F., Liu, J. et al. Genetic structure analysis of natural Sargassum muticum (Fucales, Phaeophyta) populations using RAPD and ISSR markers. J Appl Phycol 20, 191–198 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9207-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9207-2

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