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Impacts of mangrove encroachment and mosquito impoundment management on coastal protection services

  • MANGROVES IN CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS
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Abstract

The ecosystem services afforded by coastal wetlands are threatened by climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. The Kennedy Space Center and Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge in east central Florida offer a representative site for investigating how changes to vegetation distribution interact with management to impact coastal protection. Here, salt marshes are converting to mangroves, and mosquito impoundment structures are being modified. The resulting changes to vegetation composition and topography influence coastal protection services in wetlands. We used a model-based assessment of wave attenuation and erosion to compare vegetation (mangrove, salt marsh) and impoundment state (intact, graded). Our findings suggest that the habitat needed to attenuate 90% of wave height is significantly larger for salt marshes than mangroves. Erosion prevention was significantly higher (470%) in scenarios with mangroves than in salt marshes. Intact berms attenuated waves over shorter distances, but did not significantly reduce erosion. Differences in coastal protection were driven more by vegetation than by impoundment state. Overall, our findings reveal that mangroves provide more coastal protection services, and therefore more coastal protection value, than salt marshes in east central Florida. Other coastal regions undergoing similar habitat conversion may also benefit from increased coastal protection in the future.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this work was provided by Grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Climate and Biological Response Program (NNX11AO94G, NNX12AF55G) and New Investigator Program (NNX16AN04G) and the National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program (EF 1065821). This work was conducted as part of NASA’s Climate Adaptation Science Investigators (CASI) Workgroup. Cheryl Doughty was supported by the University of California, Los Angeles Graduate Summer Research Mentorship Program. We would like to thank Glenn Coldren, Loraé Simpson, Joseph Funk, and Regina Kukola for support in field collections. We also acknowledge Jim Lyon from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Lynne Phillips for continued support from the NASA Kennedy Space Center Environmental Planning Branch, Ecological Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, 1255 Bunche Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Cheryl L. Doughty & Kyle C. Cavanaugh

  2. Kennedy Space Center, Ecological Program, IMSS-300, Kennedy Space Center, Titusville, FL, 32899, USA

    Carlton R. Hall

  3. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA

    Ilka C. Feller

  4. Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA

    Samantha K. Chapman

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  1. Cheryl L. Doughty
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  2. Kyle C. Cavanaugh
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Correspondence to Cheryl L. Doughty.

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Guest editors: K. W. Krauss, I. C. Feller, D. A. Friess & R. R. Lewis III / Causes and Consequences of Mangrove Ecosystem Responses to an Ever-Changing Climate

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Doughty, C.L., Cavanaugh, K.C., Hall, C.R. et al. Impacts of mangrove encroachment and mosquito impoundment management on coastal protection services. Hydrobiologia 803, 105–120 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3225-0

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