Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Regulation by sugar and hormone signaling of the growth of Brassica napus L. axillary buds at the transcriptome level

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Branching is an important factor affecting the yield of Brassica napus L. Generally, however, field-grown B. napus cannot develop branches from the middle and lower parts of the plant, although axillary buds are present in these parts. To explore the cause of this phenomenon at the mRNA level, we analyzed buds from the top, upper, middle and lower parts of B. napus by RNA-SEq. In total, 27,992 expressed genes were found, 479 of which were considered to be closely related to axillary bud development. Genes related to the regulation of sugar signaling and plant hormone signal transduction were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Seven types of transcription factors, including phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs), homeobox 1 (HB-1), light sensitive hypocotyls 4 (LSH4), BRANCHED 1 (BRC1), WRKY DNA-binding proteins (WRKYs) and Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily proteins (WD40s), were enriched. The soluble sugar content in the axillary buds was assessed and found to differ significantly among the four regions of the plant; in short, the soluble sugar content decreased from top to bottom. In this study, we provide a transcriptional profile of axillary buds from different parts of B. napus plants; these data will be important for future studies on the growth and development of axillary buds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe H, Yamamoto KT et al (1985) Characterization of green tissue-specific phytochrome isolated immunochemically from pea seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol 26(7):1387–1399

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aguilarmartinez JA, Pozacarrion C et al (2007) Arabidopsis BRANCHED1 acts as an integrator of branching signals within axillary buds. Plant Cell 19(2):458–472

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arite T, Iwata H et al (2007) DWARF10, an RMS1/MAX4/DAD1 ortholog, controls lateral bud outgrowth in rice. Plant J 51(6):1019–1029

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arrom L, Munné-Bosch S (2012) Sucrose accelerates flower opening and delays senescence through a hormonal effect in cut lily flowers. Plant Sci 188–189(3):41–47

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ballare CL, Casal JJ (2000) Light signals perceived by crop and weed plants. Field Crops Res 67(2):149–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbier F, Péron T et al (2015) Sucrose is an early modulator of the key hormonal mechanisms controlling bud outgrowth in Rosa hybrida. J Exp Bot 66(9):2569–2582

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbier F, Peron T et al (2015) Sucrose is an early modulator of the key hormonal mechanisms controlling bud outgrowth in Rosa hybrida. J Exp Bot 66(9):2569–2582

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beveridge CA, Dun EA et al (2009) Pea has its tendrils in branching discoveries spanning a century from auxin to strigolactones. Plant Physiol 151(3):985–990

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding G, Zhao Z et al (2012) Quantitative trait loci for seed yield and yield-related traits, and their responses to reduced phosphorus supply in Brassica napus. Ann Bot 109(4):747–759

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell DC, Kondra ZP (1978) Relationships among growth patterns, yield components and yield of rap. Can J Plant Sci 58(1):87–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatfield SP, Stirnberg P et al (2000) The hormonal regulation of axillary bud growth in Arabidopsis. Plant J 24(2):159–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen B, Xu K et al (2014) Evaluation of yield and agronomic traits and their genetic variation in 488 global collections of Brassica napus L. Genet Resour Crop Evol 61(5):979–999

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christine A, Elizabeth BD et al (2009) Pea has its tendrils in branching discoveries spanning a century from auxin to strigolactones. Plant Physiol 151(3):985–990

    Google Scholar 

  • Djennane S, Hibrand-Saint OL et al (2014) Impacts of light and temperature on shoot branching gradient and expression of strigolactone synthesis and signalling genes in rose. Plant Cell Environ 37(3):742–757

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doebley J, Stec AO et al (1997) The evolution of apical dominance in maize. Nature 386(6624):485–488

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eastmond PJ, Van Dijken AJH et al (2010) Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1, which catalyses the first step in trehalose synthesis, is essential for Arabidopsis embryo maturation. Plant J 29(2):225–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebell LF (1969) Variation in total soluble sugars of conifer tissues with method of analysis. Phytochemistry 8(1):227–233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Endt DV, Kijne JW et al (2002) Transcription factors controlling plant secondary metabolism: what regulates the regulators? Phytochemistry 61(2):107–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Evenson RE, Gollin DJ (2003) Assessing the impact of the green revolution, 1960 to 2000. Science 300(5620):758–762

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finlayson SA (2007) Arabidopsis Teosinte Branched1-LIKE 1 regulates axillary bud outgrowth and is homologous to monocot Teosinte Branched1. Plant Cell Physiol 48(5):667–677

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin KA (2010) Shade avoidanc. New Phytol 179(4):930–944

    Google Scholar 

  • Furuya M (1989) Molecular properties and biogenesis of phytochrome I and II. Adv Biophys 25(89):133–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilor K, Rakefet DS et al (2012) The pitfalls of transgenic selection and new roles of AtHXK1: a high level of AtHXK1 expression uncouples hexokinase1-dependent sugar signaling from exogenous sugar. Plant Physiol 159(1):47–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Girault T, Veronique D, Combes et al (2010) Light controls shoot meristem organogenic activity and leaf primordia growth during bud burst in Rosa sp. Plant Cell Environ 31(11):1534–1544

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomezroldan V, Fermas S et al (2008) Strigolactone inhibition of shoot branching. Nature 455(7210):189–194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalezgrandio E, Pozacarrion C et al (2013) BRANCHED1 promotes axillary bud dormancy in response to shade in arabidopsis. Plant Cell 25(3):834–850

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith M, Lumb C et al (2005) Antifreeze proteins modify the freezing process planta. Plant Physiol 138(1):330–340

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo D, Zhang J et al (2015) The WRKY transcription factor WRKY71/EXB1 controls shoot branching by transcriptionally regulating RAX genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 27(11):3112–3127

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hibara K, Karim MR et al (2006) Arabidopsis CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON3 regulates postembryonic shoot meristem and organ boundary formation. Plant Cell 18(11):2946–2957

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James C (2001) Global review of commercialized transgenic crops: 2000. Nutr Newslett 25(4):1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Janssen BJ, Drummond RS et al (2014) Regulation of axillary shoot development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 17(17C):28–35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeon J, Kim J (2013) Arabidopsis response Regulator1 and Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer Protein2 (AHP2), AHP3, and AHP5 function in cold signaling. Plant Physiol 161(1):408–424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeon J, Kim NY et al (2010) A subset of cytokinin two-component signaling system plays a role in cold temperature stress response in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 285(30):23371–23386

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • José Antonio A-M, César P-C et al (2007) Arabidopsis BRANCHED1 acts as an integrator of branching signals within axillary buds. Plant Cell 19(2):458–472

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang NY, Cho C et al (2012) Cytokinin receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways in the dehydration response of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Physiol 169(14):1382–1391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz A, Oliva M et al (2004) FIE and CURLY LEAF polycomb proteins interact in the regulation of homeobox gene expression during sporophyte development. Plant J 37(5):707–719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kebrom TH, Burson BL et al (2006) Phytochrome B represses Teosinte Branched1 expression and induces sorghum axillary bud outgrowth in response to light signals. Plant Physiol 140(3):1109–1117

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kebrom TH, Burson BL et al (2006) Phytochrome B represses Teosinte Branched1 expression and induces sorghum axillary bud outgrowth in response to light signals. Plant Physiol 140(3):1109

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khush GS (2001) Green revolution: the way forward. Nat Rev Genet 2(10):815–822

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch KE (2004) Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in sugar sensing and plant development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7(3):235–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larcher W (2004) Physiological plant ecology. Ecophysiology and stress physiology of functional groups. Plant J 37(5):707–719

    Google Scholar 

  • Leduc N, Roman H et al (2014) Light signaling in bud outgrowth branching in plants. Plants 3(2):223–250

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leivar P, Monte E et al (2008) The arabidopsis phytochrome-interacting factor PIF7, together with PIF3 and PIF4, regulates responses to prolonged red light by modulating phyB levels. Plant Cell 20(2):337–352

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y (1964) Preliminary study on the main stem traits of rapeseed. J Crop Sci 3(4):429–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Li CJ, Bangerth F (1999) Autoinhibition of indoleacetic acid transport in the shoots of two-branched pea (Pisum sativum) plants and its relationship to correlative dominance. Physiol Plant 106(4):415–420

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li F, Chen B et al (2016) A genome-wide association study of plant height and primary branch number in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Plant Science 242:169–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Li G et al (2004) Phytochrome signaling mechanisms. Arabidopsis Book 9(9):157–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Wang W et al (2016) Characterizing variation of branch angle and genome-wide association mapping in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Front Plant Sci 7:21–21

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lunn JE, Feil R et al (2006) Sugar-induced increases in trehalose 6-phosphate are correlated with redox activation of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase and higher rates of starch synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem J 397(1):139–148

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandel MA, Gustafsonbrown C et al (1992) Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA1. Nature 360(6401):273–277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manon M, Marianne A et al (2012) Mutations in the Arabidopsis homolog of LST8/GβL, a partner of the target of Rapamycin kinase, impair plant growth, flowering, and metabolic adaptation to long days. Plant Cell 24(2):463–481

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao X, Cai T et al (2005) Automated genome annotation and pathway identification using the KEGG Orthology (KO) as a controlled vocabulary. Bioinformatics 21(19):3787–3793

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason MG, Jha D et al (2010) Type-B response regulators ARR1 and ARR12 regulate expression of AtHKT1;1 and accumulation of sodium in Arabidopsis shoots. Plant J 64(5):753–763

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mcsteen P (2009) Hormonal regulation of branching in grasses. Plant Physiol 149(1):46–55

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer RC, Matthias S et al (2007) The metabolic signature related to high plant growth rate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(11):4759–4764

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer RC, Steinfath M et al (2007) The metabolic signature related to high plant growth rate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(11):4759–4764

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra BS, Manjul S et al (2009) Glucose and auxin signaling interaction in controlling Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings root growth and development. PLoS ONE 4(2):e4502

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miyawaki K, Matsumotokitano M et al (2004) Expression of cytokinin biosynthetic isopentenyltransferase genes in Arabidopsis: tissue specificity and regulation by auxin, cytokinin, and nitrate. Plant J 37(1):128–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori H (2001) Control of outgrowth and dormancy in axillary buds. Plant Physiol 127(4):1405–1413

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Morris DA (1977) Transport of exogenous auxin in two-branched dwarf pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.): Some implications for polarity and apical dominance. Planta 136(1):91–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller D, Leyser O (2011) Auxin, cytokinin and the control of shoot branching. Ann Bot 107(7):1203–1212

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima K, Fujita Y et al (2009) Three Arabidopsis SnRK2 Protein Kinases, SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6/OST1 and SRK2I/SnRK2.3, involved in ABA signaling are essential for the control of seed development and dormancy. Plant Cell Physiol 50(7):1345–1363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nookaew I, Papini M et al (2012) A comprehensive comparison of RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis from reads to differential gene expression and cross-comparison with microarrays: a case study in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 40(20):10084–10097

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordstrom A, Tarkowski P et al (2004) Auxin regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana: a factor of potential importance for auxin–cytokinin-regulated development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(21):8039–8044

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paul MJ, Primavesi LF et al (2008) Trehalose metabolism signaling . Ann Rev Plant Biol 59(1):417–441

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierik R, Testerink C (2014) The art of being flexible: how to escape from shade Salt Drought. Plant Physiol 166(1):5–22

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu D, Morgan C et al (2006) A comparative linkage map of oilseed rape and its use for QTL analysis of seed oil and erucic acid content. Theor Appl Genet 114(1):67–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabot A, Henry C et al (2012) Insight into the Role of sugars in bud burst under light in the rose. Plant Cell Physiol 53(6):1068

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy SK, Finlayson SA (2014) Phytochrome B promotes branching in Arabidopsis by suppressing auxin signaling.  Plant Physiol 164(3):1542–1550

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy SK, Holalu SV et al (2013) Abscisic Acid regulates axillary bud outgrowth responses to the ratio of red to far-red light. Plant Physiol 163(2):1047–1058

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhardt D, Kuhlemeier C (2002) Plant architecture. Embo Rep 3(9):846–851

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rolland F, Baenagonzalez E et al (2006) Sugar sensing and signaling in plants: conserved and novel mechanisms. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57(1):675–709

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruan Y (2014) Sucrose metabolism: gateway to diverse carbon use and sugar signaling. Annu Rev Plant Biol 65(1):33–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto T, Matsuoka M (2004) Generating high-yielding varieties by genetic manipulation of plant architecture. Curr Opin Biotechnol 15(2):144–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santosmendoza M, Dubreucq B et al (2008) Deciphering gene regulatory networks that control seed development and maturation in Arabidopsis. Plant J 54(4):608–620

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarlikioti V, Visser PHBD et al (2011) How plant architecture affects light absorption and photosynthesis in tomato: towards an ideotype for plant architecture using a functional–structural plant model. Ann Bot 108(6):1065

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satohnagasawa N, Nagasawa N et al (2006) A trehalose metabolic enzyme controls inflorescence architecture in maize. Nature 441(7090):227–230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott C, Naoki S et al (2010) Strigolactones enhance competition between shoot branches by dampening auxin transport. Development 137(17):2905

    Google Scholar 

  • Seale M, Bennett T et al (2017) BRC1 expression regulates bud activation potential, but is not necessary or sufficient for bud growth inhibition in Arabidopsis. Development 144(9):1661–1673

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah S, Karunarathna NL et al (2018) An APETALA1 ortholog affects plant architecture and seed yield component in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). BMC Plant Biol 18(1):380

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith H (2003) Physiological and ecological function within the phytochrome family. Ann Rev Plant Biol 46(1):289–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith H, Whitelam GC (2010) The shade avoidance syndrome: multiple responses mediated by multiple phytochromes. Plant Cell Environ 20(6):840–844

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirnberg P, Ward S et al (2010) Auxin and strigolactones in shoot branching: intimately connected? Biochem Soc Trans 38(2):717–722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Su YH, Liu YB et al (2011) Auxin–Cytokinin interaction regulates meristem development. Molecular Plant 4(4):616–625

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takano M, Kanegae H et al (2001) Isolation and characterization of rice phytochrome A mutants. Plant Cell 13(3):521–534

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda T, Suwa Y et al (2003) The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice. Plant J 33(3):513–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umehara M, Hanada A et al (2008) Inhibition of shoot branching by new terpenoid plant hormones. Nature 455(7210):195–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umezawa T, Sugiyama N et al (2009) Type 2C protein phosphatases directly regulate abscisic acid-activated protein kinases in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(41):17588–17593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Li J (2011) Branching in rice. Curr Opin Plant Biol 14(1):94–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Li J (2008) Molecular basis of plant architecture. Ann Rev Plant Biol 59(1):253–279

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weller JL, Murfet IC et al (1997) Pea mutants with reduced sensitivity to far-red light define an important role for phytochrome a in day-length detection. Plant Physiol 114(4):1225–1236

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wickson M, Thimann KV (1958) The antagonism of auxin and Kinetin in apical dominance. Physiol Plant 11(1):62–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong Y, Mccormack M et al (2013) Glucose–TOR signalling reprograms the transcriptome and activates meristems. Nature 496(7444):181–186

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav UP, Ivakov A et al (2014) The sucrose–trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) nexus: specificity and mechanisms of sucrose signalling by Tre6P. J Exp Bot 65(4):1051–1068

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young MD, Wakefield MJ et al (2010) Gene ontology analysis for RNA-seq: accounting for selection bias. Genome Biol 11(2):R14–R14

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng M, Peng C et al (2017) Genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes for control of plant height, branch initiation height and branch number in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Front Plant Sci 8:1246–1246

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed for providing samples from their germplasm collection. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, which improved the quality of the paper. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771830, 31701335, and 31971902) and the “111” Project (B12006).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Tiansheng Rd 2#, Beibei, 400715, Chongqing, China

    Zhihui Li, Yiran Ding, Ling Xie, Hongju Jian, Yumin Gao, Jiaming Yin, Jiana Li & Liezhao Liu

Authors
  1. Zhihui Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yiran Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ling Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hongju Jian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yumin Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jiaming Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jiana Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Liezhao Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liezhao Liu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material

Supplementary Material 1 (XLSX 10 kb)

Supplementary Material 2 (XLSX 825 kb)

Supplementary Material 3 (XLSX 11 kb)

Supplementary Material 4 (XLSX 14 kb)

Supplementary Material 5 (XLSX 10 kb)

Supplementary Material 6 (XLSX 13 kb)

Supplementary Material 7 (XLSX 10 kb)

Supplementary Material 8 (XLSX 10 kb)

Supplementary Material 9 (XLSX 3533 kb)

Supplementary Material 10 (XLSX 3643 kb)

Supplementary Material 11 (XLSX 24 kb)

Supplementary Material 12 (XLSX 12 kb)

Supplementary Material 13 (XLSX 12 kb)

Supplementary Material 14 (XLSX 3540 kb)

Supplementary Material 15 (XLSX 3661 kb)

Supplementary Material 16 (XLSX 12 kb)

Supplementary Material 17 (XLSX 11 kb)

Supplementary Material 18 (TIF 1636 kb)

Supplementary Material 19 (TIF 2834 kb)

Supplementary Material 20 (TIF 27973 kb)

Supplementary Material 21 (TIF 17287 kb)

Supplementary Material 22 (TIF 11628 kb)

Supplementary Material 23 (TIF 20186 kb)

Supplementary Material 24 (TIF 1885 kb)

Supplementary Material 25 (TIF 14637 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, Z., Ding, Y., Xie, L. et al. Regulation by sugar and hormone signaling of the growth of Brassica napus L. axillary buds at the transcriptome level. Plant Growth Regul 90, 571–584 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00581-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00581-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation