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Statistical analysis of aerosol species, trace gasses, and meteorology in Chicago

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Abstract

Both canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to atmospheric aerosol and trace gas concentrations and meteorological data collected in Chicago during the summer months of 2002, 2003, and 2004. Concentrations of ammonium, calcium, nitrate, sulfate, and oxalate particulate matter, as well as, meteorological parameters temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and humidity were subjected to CCA and PCA. Ozone and nitrogen oxide mixing ratios were also included in the data set. The purpose of statistical analysis was to determine the extent of existing linear relationship(s), or lack thereof, between meteorological parameters and pollutant concentrations in addition to reducing dimensionality of the original data to determine sources of pollutants. In CCA, the first three canonical variate pairs derived were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Canonical correlation between the first canonical variate pair was 0.821, while correlations of the second and third canonical variate pairs were 0.562 and 0.461, respectively. The first canonical variate pair indicated that increasing temperatures resulted in high ozone mixing ratios, while the second canonical variate pair showed wind speed and humidity’s influence on local ammonium concentrations. No new information was uncovered in the third variate pair. Canonical loadings were also interpreted for information regarding relationships between data sets. Four principal components (PCs), expressing 77.0 % of original data variance, were derived in PCA. Interpretation of PCs suggested significant production and/or transport of secondary aerosols in the region (PC1). Furthermore, photochemical production of ozone and wind speed’s influence on pollutants were expressed (PC2) along with overall measure of local meteorology (PC3). In summary, CCA and PCA results combined were successful in uncovering linear relationships between meteorology and air pollutants in Chicago and aided in determining possible pollutant sources.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge and thank Sophonie Tchoua for his assistance with SAS® 9.2 software programming and coding in applying CCA to the dataset.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA

    Katrina Binaku, Martina Schmeling & Tinamarie Fosco

  2. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA

    Timothy O’Brien

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  1. Katrina Binaku
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  2. Timothy O’Brien
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  3. Martina Schmeling
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  4. Tinamarie Fosco
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Correspondence to Martina Schmeling.

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Binaku, K., O’Brien, T., Schmeling, M. et al. Statistical analysis of aerosol species, trace gasses, and meteorology in Chicago. Environ Monit Assess 185, 7295–7308 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3101-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3101-y

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