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Application of the consolidated species concept to identify the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in Iran and initial molecular dating of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex

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Abstract

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of main strawberry diseases worldwide. The disease recently arrived in Iran and become epidemic in the Kurdistan province. A combination of morphological, molecular and pathogen-host interaction approaches (referred to the consolidated species concept) were applied to isolates from symptomatic strawberry tissues collected in Iran. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-rDNA, beta-tubulin (TUB2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) identified the species as the S5 clade of Colletotrichum nymphaeae. No significant intraspecies variation was observed in terms of morphology and pathogenicity. No significant genetic variation was observed among the isolates using inter simple sequence repeat analysis (ISSR) and primer pair combination of ERIC1/BOX and ERIC2/BOX fingerprinting markers. Based on the results of this study, it can be postulated that the C. nymphaeae population in Iran established itself from a single origin due to a founder effect. More generally, molecular dating based on relaxed clocks indicates co-radiation of C. nymphaeae S5 and strawberry plants and suggests high reciprocal specificity between the host and pathogen.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the research deputy of the University of Tabriz in Iran and the Fondazione Edmund Mach in Italy for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

    Kaivan Karimi, Asadollah Babai Ahari & Mahdi Arzanlou

  2. Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all’Adige, Italy

    Kaivan Karimi, Ilaria Pertot & Omar Rota-Stabelli

  3. Department of Plant Protection, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Iran

    Jahanshir Amini

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  1. Kaivan Karimi
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Correspondence to Mahdi Arzanlou.

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Karimi, K., Babai Ahari, A., Arzanlou, M. et al. Application of the consolidated species concept to identify the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in Iran and initial molecular dating of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Eur J Plant Pathol 147, 375–387 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-1009-4

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