Abstract
Centrosomes are complex structures, which are embedded into the opposite poles of the mitotic spindle of most animals, acting as microtubule organizing centres. Surprisingly, in several biological systems, such as flies, chicken, or human cells, centrosomes are not essential for cell division. Nonetheless, they ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Moreover, mis-functioning centrosomes can act in a dominant-negative manner, resulting in erroneous mitotic progression. Here, I review the mechanisms by which centrosomes contribute to proper spindle organization and faithful chromosome segregation under physiological conditions and discuss how errors in centrosome function impair transmission of the genomic material in a pathological setting.
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Abbreviations
- ASPM:
-
Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein
- Cdk5rap2:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory-associated protein 2
- CENP:
-
Centromere-associated protein
- CEP:
-
Centrosomal protein
- C-Nap1:
-
Centrosomal Nek2-associated protein 1
- CPAP:
-
Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein
- CRISPR:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- Mad2:
-
Mitotic arrest deficient 2
- MCAK:
-
Mitotic centromere-associated protein
- MCPH1:
-
Microcephaly 1
- Nek:
-
NIMA-related kinase
- NuMA:
-
Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein
- Plk:
-
Polo-like kinase
- PTEN:
-
Phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RNAi:
-
RNA interference
- Sas-4:
-
Spindle assembly abnormal protein 4
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- WDR62:
-
WD40 repeat protein 62
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Acknowledgements
I thank M. Gotta (Univ. of Geneva, Switzerland) and the Meraldi lab members for critical discussions of the manuscript. P.M. is funded by an SNF-project grant and the University of Geneva.
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Meraldi, P. Centrosomes in spindle organization and chromosome segregation: a mechanistic view. Chromosome Res 24, 19–34 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-015-9508-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-015-9508-2