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A net ecosystem carbon budget for snow dominated forested headwater catchments: linking water and carbon fluxes to critical zone carbon storage

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Abstract

Climate-driven changes in carbon (C) cycling of forested ecosystems have the potential to alter long-term C sequestration and the global C balance. Prior studies have shown that C uptake and partitioning in response to hydrologic variation are system specific, suggesting that a comprehensive assessment is required for distinct ecosystems. Many sub-humid montane forest ecosystems in the US are projected to experience increased water limitation over the next decades and existing water-limited forests can be used as a model for how changes in the hydrologic cycle will impact such ecosystems more broadly. Toward that goal we monitored precipitation, net ecosystem exchange and lateral soil and stream C fluxes in three semi-arid to sub-humid montane forest catchments for several years (WY 2009–2013) to investigate how the amount and timing of water delivery affect C stores and fluxes. The key control on aqueous and gaseous C fluxes was the distribution of water between winter and summer precipitation, affecting ecosystem C uptake versus heterotrophic respiration. We furthermore assessed C stores in soil and above- and below-ground biomass to assess how spatial patterns in water availability influence C stores. Topographically-driven patterns in catchment wetness correlated with modeled soil C stores, reflecting both long-term trends in local C uptake as well as lateral redistribution of C leached from upslope organic soil horizons to convergent landscape positions. The results suggest that changes in the seasonality of precipitation from winter snow to summer rain will influence both the amount and the spatial distribution of soil C stores.

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Acknowledgements

This research conducted in the Santa Catalina – Jemez Critical Zone Observatory was supported by the National Science Foundation, grant no. EAR-0724958 and EAR-1331408 and DOE award U.S. Department of Energy’s Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program (DOE Award #: DE-SC0006968). Collaboration with the Reynolds Creek CZO was supported by EAR-1331872 Funding for LiDAR data acquisition was provided by NSF to Dr. Qinghua Guo (EAR-0922307). Thanks to Scott Compton, Tim Corley and Mary Kay Amistadi for assistance with sampling and analysis and Matej Durcik for help with GIS. Grassland monitoring data were provided by Bob Parmenter and the Valles Caldera Trust. We thank three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for patience, insightful comments and valuable guidance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA

    Julia Perdrial

  2. Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Julia Perdrial, Craig Rasmussen, Angélica Vázquez-Ortega, Rebecca Lybrand, Molly Holleran & Jon Chorover

  3. Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Paul D. Brooks, Xavier Zapata-Rios, Patrick Broxton, Tom Meixner, Kate Condon, David Huckle & Clare Stielstra

  4. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Tyson Swetnam & Bhaskar Mitra

  5. Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA

    Kathleen A. Lohse & Marcy Litvak

  6. Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Marcy Litvak

  7. Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Caitlin Orem & Jon Pelletier

  8. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Paul D. Brooks

  9. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA

    Adrian A. Harpold

  10. Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA

    Rebecca Lybrand

  11. School of Earth, Environment and Society, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA

    Angélica Vázquez-Ortega

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Correspondence to Julia Perdrial.

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Perdrial, J., Brooks, P.D., Swetnam, T. et al. A net ecosystem carbon budget for snow dominated forested headwater catchments: linking water and carbon fluxes to critical zone carbon storage. Biogeochemistry 138, 225–243 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0440-3

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