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The mussel Xenostrobus securis: a well-established alien invader in the Ria de Vigo (Spain, NE Atlantic)

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Abstract

Biological and habitat characterization of the non-indigenous invasive species Xenostrobus securis was undertaken in the Ria de Vigo. This study included genetic identification of mussel samples collected from introduced and endemic areas, and the assessment of mussel size, population abundance, geographic distribution, pathological condition, and sediment composition of substrata type. The mussel had a marked patchy distribution, being more abundant in brackish sites with fine sediments and high organic matter content. Pathological analysis revealed that X. securis does not play any role as vector for introducing allochthonous pathogens in the Ria de Vigo. Nevertheless, depending on its invasiveness potential, the mussel could be a key host favouring spreading and epizootic outbreaks of marteliosis which is known to be harmful for local bivalve populations. Phylogenetic analyses of the COI gene placed all the resulting sequences in a clade within the genus Xenostrobus and its phylogeny congruent with an Australian/Pacific origin. The COI tree suggests two historical introductions in European waters. One of these invasions seems to have started in Galicia, moving from there towards Italy and France, while the geographical spread of the second invasion cannot be deciphered, although the Australian/Pacific origin of this invasion seems very possible. The 18S network is congruent with one invasion starting in Galicia or in Italy, as the Australian haplotype is closely related to the haplotype found in these areas. Several hypotheses accounting for the colonization history of this species in Galician waters are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

Authors thank S. Gofas, J. Trigo, E. Rolán and E. Pulpeiro for their helpful comments on the first draft of the paper, and to JC Harshbarger for his helpful comments on gonadal neoplasia. Thanks are also due to Iain Suthers (University of New South Wales, Australia); Jacques Pelorce (Hydrologue membre de l’association du Grau-du-Roi, Camargue littoral environment, France) and G. Arcangeli (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Italy) for providing samples. J.A. Durán (IIM-CSIC), M. Meléndez, E. Penas and A. Ramilo (CIMA-Xunta de Galicia) assisted in technical analyses. Thank you to two anonymous reviewers for their excellent comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecobiomar, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain

    S. Pascual, M. Garci, A. F. González & A. Guerra

  2. Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Xunta de Galicia, Pedras de Corón s/n, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain

    A. Villalba

  3. Área de Tecnología de Productos Pesqueros, Centro Tecnológico del Mar, Fundación CETMAR, Eduardo Cabello s/n, 36208, Vigo, Spain

    E. Abollo

  4. Departamento de Geociencias Marinas y Ordenación del Territorio, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    M. Nombela

  5. Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    D. Posada

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  1. S. Pascual
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  2. A. Villalba
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  3. E. Abollo
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Correspondence to S. Pascual.

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Pascual, S., Villalba, A., Abollo, E. et al. The mussel Xenostrobus securis: a well-established alien invader in the Ria de Vigo (Spain, NE Atlantic). Biol Invasions 12, 2091–2103 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9611-4

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