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Assessment of Ablative Therapies in Swine: Response of Respiratory Diaphragm to Varying Doses

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Abstract

Ablation is a common procedure for treating patients with cancer, cardiac arrhythmia, and other conditions, yet it can cause collateral injury to the respiratory diaphragm. Collateral injury can alter the diaphragm’s properties and/or lead to respiratory dysfunction. Thus, it is important to understand the diaphragm’s physiologic and biomechanical properties in response to ablation therapies, in order to better understand ablative modalities, minimize complications, and maximize the safety and efficacy of ablative procedures. In this study, we analyzed physiologic and biomechanical properties of swine respiratory diaphragm muscle bundles when exposed to 5 ablative modalities. To assess physiologic properties, we performed in vitro tissue bath studies and measured changes in peak force and baseline force. To assess biomechanical properties, we performed uniaxial stress tests, measuring force–displacement responses, stress–strain characteristics, and avulsion forces. After treating the muscle bundles with all 5 ablative modalities, we observed dose-dependent sustained reductions in peak force and transient increases in baseline force—but no consistent dose-dependent biomechanical responses. These data provide novel insights into the effects of various ablative modalities on the respiratory diaphragm, insights that could enable improvements in ablative techniques and therapies.

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Abbreviations

BF:

Baseline force

CHA:

Chemical ablation

CRA:

Cryoablation

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HIFU:

High-intensity focused ultrasound

MWA:

Microwave ablation

PF:

Peak force

RFA:

Radiofrequency ablation

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Institute for Engineering in Medicine at the University of Minnesota, Medtronic, Minnesota Muscle Training Program Grant #2T32ST007612, and Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics Grant #14.31. We gratefully acknowledge Mary Knatterud, Monica Mahre, and Dave Euler for reviewing the manuscript. Dr. Iaizzo has a research contract with Medtronic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, B172 Mayo, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Ashish Singal, Lars M. Mattison, Charles L. Soule, John R. Ballard, Eric N. Rudie, Erik N. K. Cressman & Paul A. Iaizzo

  2. Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, B172 Mayo, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Ashish Singal, Lars M. Mattison & Paul A. Iaizzo

Authors
  1. Ashish Singal
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  2. Lars M. Mattison
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  3. Charles L. Soule
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  7. Paul A. Iaizzo
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Correspondence to Paul A. Iaizzo.

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Associate Editor Agata A. Exner oversaw the review of this article.

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Singal, A., Mattison, L.M., Soule, C.L. et al. Assessment of Ablative Therapies in Swine: Response of Respiratory Diaphragm to Varying Doses. Ann Biomed Eng 46, 947–959 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-018-2014-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-018-2014-x

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