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Development, Validation, and Application of a Parametric Pediatric Head Finite Element Model for Impact Simulations

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An Erratum to this article was published on 26 October 2012

Abstract

In this study, a statistical model of cranium geometry for 0- to 3-month-old children was developed by analyzing 11 CT scans using a combination of principal component analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Radial basis function was used to morph the geometry of a baseline child head finite element (FE) model into models with geometries representing a newborn, a 1.5-month-old, and a 3-month-old infant head. These three FE models were used in a parametric study of near-vertex impact conditions to quantify the sensitivity of different material parameters. Finally, model validation was conducted against peak head accelerations in cadaver tests under different impact conditions, and optimization techniques were used to determine the material properties. The results showed that the statistical model of cranium geometry produced realistic cranium size and shape, suture size, and skull/suture thickness, for 0- to 3-month-old children. The three pediatric head models generated by morphing had mesh quality comparable to the baseline model. The elastic modulus of skull had a greater effect on most head impact response measurements than other parameters. Head geometry was a significant factor affecting the maximal principal stress of the skull (p = 0.002) and maximal principal strain of the suture (p = 0.021) after controlling for the skull material. Compared with the newborn head, the 3-month-old head model produced 6.5% higher peak head acceleration, 64.8% higher maximal principal stress, and 66.3% higher strain in the suture. However, in the skull, the 3-month-old model produced 25.7% lower maximal principal stress and 11.5% lower strain than the newborn head. Material properties of the brain had little effects on head acceleration and strain/stress within the skull and suture. Elastic moduli of the skull, suture, dura, and scalp determined using optimization techniques were within reported literature ranges and produced impact response that closely matched those measured in previous cadaver tests. The method developed in this study made it possible to investigate the age effects from geometry changes on pediatric head impact responses. The parametric study demonstrated that it is important to consider the material properties and geometric variations together when estimating pediatric head responses and predicting head injury risks.

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Acknowledgments

This project is funded by University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy from Tsinghua University and China Scholarship Council Postgraduate Scholarship Program. The authors would like to thank Dr. Zhendan Xue in ESTECO for modeFRONTIER technical support.

Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest in the work related to this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Zhigang Li, Jingwen Hu, Matthew P. Reed & Jonathan D. Rupp

  2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

    Zhigang Li, Jinhuan Zhang & Bo Cheng

  3. Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Carrie N. Hoff

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  1. Zhigang Li
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  2. Jingwen Hu
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  4. Jonathan D. Rupp
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  6. Jinhuan Zhang
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  7. Bo Cheng
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Correspondence to Jingwen Hu.

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Associate Editor Eiji Tanaka oversaw the review of this article.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table A1.

Table A1 Child head global FE models
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Li, Z., Hu, J., Reed, M.P. et al. Development, Validation, and Application of a Parametric Pediatric Head Finite Element Model for Impact Simulations. Ann Biomed Eng 39, 2984–2997 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0409-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0409-z

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