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Vocal behaviour of Barred Antshrikes, a Neotropical duetting suboscine bird

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Abstract

Despite the high biodiversity that characterizes the tropics, we know little about the behaviour of most tropical birds. Antbirds (Thamnophilidae) are a biodiverse family of more than 200 species found throughout Central and South America, yet their ecology and behaviour are poorly known. In this study, we provide the first detailed description of the vocalizations and vocal behaviour of Barred Antshrikes (Thamnophilus doliatus), a widespread Neotropical suboscine passerine. We studied 38 territorial pairs in a population in Costa Rica from 2008 to 2010, using field recordings and observations to quantify their vocalizations and vocal behaviour. Males and females produced similar songs consisting of rapidly repeated chuckling notes. Several aspects of their songs distinguish the sexes: male songs were longer in duration, contained more syllables, and were lower in pitch. Males had a higher song output than females, but within song bouts males and females sang at similar rates. Barred Antshrike song output varied daily, with the highest song output occurring at dawn. Song output also varied seasonally, with increased song output occurring during the breeding period. Males and females combined songs to create duets, overlapping the terminal portion of their mate’s song. Most duets were created by females responding to male songs (84 %), and the rest by males responding to female songs. The timing of duet responsiveness varied between the sexes; males responded more quickly to their partner’s song (1.6 s) than females (2.0 s). This detailed account of the vocalizations and vocal behaviour of a population of Barred Antshrikes creates a foundation for future comparative studies of antbirds. Our study highlights similarities and differences in the behavioural patterns of tropical birds and contributes to our understanding of the function of vocal duets and the vocal behaviour of antbirds.

Zusammenfassung

Gesangsverhalten von Bindenameisenwürgern Thamnophilus doliatus , einer neotropischen suboscinen Sperlingsvogelart mit Duettgesang

Trotz der für die Tropen typischen hohen Artenvielfalt wissen wir über das Verhalten der meisten tropischen Vögel nur wenig. Ameisenvögel (Thamnophilidae) sind eine in ganz Mittel- und Südamerika beheimatete artenreiche (>200) Familie; dennoch ist über ihre Ökologie und ihr Verhalten nur wenig bekannt. In diesem Artikel geben wir die erste detaillierte Beschreibung von Lautäußerungen und Gesangsverhalten des Bindenameisenwürgers (Thamnophilus doliatus), einem weit verbreiteten neotropischen suboscinen Sperlingsvogel. Zwischen 2008 und 2010 untersuchten wir 38 Revierpaare einer Population in Costa Rica und erfassten Lautäußerungen und Stimmverhalten anhand von Tonaufnahmen und Beobachtungen aus dem Freiland. Männchen und Weibchen zeigten ähnliche Gesänge, die aus rasch wiederholten glucksenden Tönen bestanden. Die Geschlechter unterschieden sich in mehreren Gesangsmerkmalen: Die Gesänge der Männchen waren länger, enthielten mehr Silben und hatten eine tiefere Tonlage. Männchen zeigten eine höhere Gesangsleistung als Weibchen, allerdings sangen Männchen und Weibchen innerhalb einer Gesangsphase ähnlich viel. Die Gesangsleistung der Bindenameisenvögel schwankte im Tagesverlauf und war in der Morgendämmerung am höchsten. Die Gesangsleistung variierte auch saisonal und erhöhte sich dabei während der Brutzeit. Männchen und Weibchen vereinten ihre Gesänge zu Duetten und überschnitten sich dabei mit der Schlussphase des Gesangs ihres Partners. Die meisten Duette entstanden dadurch, dass Weibchen auf die Gesänge der Männchen antworteten (84 %), der Rest durch Männchen, die auf Gesänge der Weibchen regierten. Die Reaktionszeit beim Duett war zwischen den Geschlechtern verschieden: Männchen reagierten schneller auf den Gesang des Partners (1,6 s) als Weibchen (2,0 s). Die detaillierte Beschreibung der Lautäußerungen und des Gesangsverhaltens von Bindenameisenvögeln schafft eine Grundlage für zukünftige vergleichende Studien an dieser Vogelfamilie. Diese Studie beleuchtet Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede in den Verhaltensmustern tropischer Vögel und trägt zum Verständnis der Funktion von Duettgesängen und des Gesangsverhaltens von Ameisenvögeln bei.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the staff at Sector Santa Rosa, Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica for logistical support. This research was funded by grants from the American Museum of Natural History’s Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund Grant to JK and grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Government of Ontario, and the University of Windsor to DJM.

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Correspondence to Julianne Koloff or Daniel J. Mennill.

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Communicated by J. Fjeldså.

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Koloff, J., Mennill, D.J. Vocal behaviour of Barred Antshrikes, a Neotropical duetting suboscine bird. J Ornithol 154, 51–61 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-012-0867-6

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