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Potential for Riverbank filtration in India

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Abstract

Riverbank filtration (RBF) has been used for many decades in Europe and the United States to provide drinking water to communities located on riverbanks. In India, the development of RBF has the potential to provide drinking water to many cities located on the Ganga Plains currently using surface water as a source for their public water supply. Water diversion for irrigation and discharge of wastewater to rivers with extremely low flows has aggravated the water supply situation for many Indian cities using surface water. A number of Indian cities, with source waters of significantly varying quality, are already using RBF. In most of these cities no significant additional treatment is provided to the filtrate for their water supply. The objective of this article is to examine selected operating bank filtration sites in India (that have been investigated since 2005) and to elucidate additional potential RBF sites based on water problems and hydrogeologic suitability. A summary of selected operational RBF systems in Ahmedabad, Delhi, Haridwar, Mathura, Medinipur and Kharagpur, Nainital, Patna and Srinagar and their ability to produce potable water is provided. Analysis of the suitability of RBF for Allahabad, Bhubaneswar, Guwahati, and Vijayawada, based on hydrogeology and land use, is also provided.

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Abbreviations

AMC:

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

COI:

Census of India

CU:

Color units

CGWB:

Central Ground Water Board

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

IR:

Indian Railways

LPCD:

Liters per capita per day

MLD:

Million liters per day

NTU:

Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

RBF:

Riverbank filtration

RCW:

Radial collector well

TOC:

Total organic carbon

UJS:

Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan

UP:

Uttar Pradesh

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this study was received from the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF grant IND 08/156). Also the work at various field sites by several undergraduate and PhD students, as well as technical and logistical support, from the University of Applied Sciences Dresden and the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee is gratefully acknowledged. Initial planning for this study was funded by a Fulbright Research senior research scholarship to the corresponding author for a sabbatical leave in India. The authors are also grateful for the valuable additional support from the University of Hawaii, Dresden University of Technology, Integrated Hydro Development Forum Patna, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Nirma University of Science and Technology Ahmedabad, and the water companies Stadtwerke Düsseldorf and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan.

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  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, Friedrich-List-Platz 1, 01069, Dresden, Germany

    Cornelius Sandhu & Thomas Grischek

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India

    Pradeep Kumar

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes 383, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Chittaranjan Ray

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Sandhu, C., Grischek, T., Kumar, P. et al. Potential for Riverbank filtration in India. Clean Techn Environ Policy 13, 295–316 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-010-0298-0

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