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Graphene-derived nanomaterials as recognition elements for electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions: a review

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Abstract

This review (with 155 refs.) summarizes the progress made in the past few years in the field of electrochemical sensors based on graphene-derived materials for the determination of heavy metal ions. Following an introduction of this field and a discussion of the various kinds of modified graphenes including graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, the review covers graphene based electrodes modified (or doped) with (a) heteroatoms, (b) metal nanoparticles, (c) metal oxides, (d) small organic molecules, (e) polymers, and (f) ternary nanocomposites. Tables are provided that afford an overview of representative methods and materials for fabricating electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, sensing mechanisms are discussed. A concluding section presents new perspectives, opportunities and current challenges.

Schematic illustration of electrochemical sensor for heavy metal ion sensing based on heteroatom-doped graphene, metal-modified graphene, metal-oxide-modified graphene, organically modified graphene, polymer-modified graphene, and ternary graphene based nanocomposites.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21665010, 51762020 and 31741103), the Outstanding Youth Fund of Jiangxi Province (20162BCB23027), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20171BAB203015, 20171ACB20026 and 20181BAB206015), the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (GJJ170662), and the One Hundred Person Yuan Hang Project (2017) for their financial support of this work. Yinxiu Zuo is greatly acknowledged Yunyong Hu for his support and encouragement during this writing process.

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  1. Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China

    Yinxiu Zuo, Jingkun Xu, Xiaofei Zhu & Xuemin Duan

  2. Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Nanchang, 330045, China

    Yinxiu Zuo, Limin Lu & Yongfang Yu

  3. School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China

    Jingkun Xu

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Zuo, Y., Xu, J., Zhu, X. et al. Graphene-derived nanomaterials as recognition elements for electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions: a review. Microchim Acta 186, 171 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3248-5

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