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Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels slightly increase rather than decrease after a glucose load in subjects with different glucose tolerance status

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Abstract

Aims

Previous studies showed that serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are significantly reduced in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it remains unclear how 1,5-AG levels acutely change in response to a glucose load. This study explored acute changes in 1,5-AG levels after a glucose load and the related influencing factors in individuals with differing degrees of glucose tolerance.

Methods

A total of 681 participants (353 without DM and 328 with DM) without a prior history of DM were enrolled. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting and postload (30, 60, 120, and 180 min) levels of plasma glucose, serum 1,5-AG, and insulin were measured.

Results

In all participant groups, serum 1,5-AG levels were slightly elevated after a glucose load and reached peak values at 120 min after loading (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that body weight was negatively associated with the difference between peak and baseline 1,5-AG levels (Δ1,5-AG, standardized β = −0.119, P < 0.01). A strong and positive association between 1,5-AG0 and Δ1,5-AG was also found independent of other confounding factors (standardized β = 0.376, P < 0.01). The ratio of the Δ1,5-AG to the 1,5-AG0 was higher in DM patients (7.3% [3.4–11.5%]) than in those without DM (6.2% [3.6–9.2%]).

Conclusions

In contrast to the established decline in 1,5-AG levels with long-term hyperglycemia, the present study showed that serum 1,5-AG levels slightly increased by 6–7% after a glucose load. Further studies in different 1,5-AG transport models are needed to investigate the relevant metabolic pathways.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Medical Guide Project (15411963500), the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (2016D01C084), and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission—Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support (20161430).

Author contribution

J.Z. and W.J. designed the study. X.M., H.S., and X.H. collected data. H.S. analyzed data and wrote the draft. X.M., J.Y., and Y.W. provided technical support. J.Z., Y.B., and W.J. revised the paper and contributed to the discussion. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China

      Hang Su, Xiaojing Ma, Jun Yin, Yufei Wang, Xingxing He, Yuqian Bao, Jian Zhou & Weiping Jia

    2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kashgar Prefecture Second People’s Hospital, Liberated South Road, Kashgar, 844000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

      Jian Zhou

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    1. Hang Su
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    Correspondence to Jian Zhou or Weiping Jia.

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    The authors have nothing to disclose.

    Ethical disclosure

    All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

    Human and animal rights

    All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.

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    Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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    Managed by Massimo Federici.

    Hang Su, Xiaojing Ma and Jun Yin have contributed equally to this work.

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    Su, H., Ma, X., Yin, J. et al. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels slightly increase rather than decrease after a glucose load in subjects with different glucose tolerance status. Acta Diabetol 54, 463–470 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-017-0968-z

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