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Predictors of enrollment in individual- and couple-based lifestyle intervention trials for cancer survivors

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Abstract

Purpose

To utilize data from lifestyle intervention pilot studies for cancer survivors to elucidate demographic, disease-related, and health behavior factors that might predict enrollment in this type of research. Additionally, factors were differentially compared based on intervention design (i.e., individual versus couple-based).

Methods

Secondary data analysis was conducted regarding predictors of enrollment into lifestyle intervention studies, including Healthy Moves Weight Loss (individual participants, screened n = 89, enrolled n = 30) and Healthy Moves Couples (survivors and their partners, screened n = 197, enrolled n = 23). Due to small sample sizes, common in pilot studies, random forest analyses were used to maximize information yielded by the data.

Results

Results identified numerous important predictors of enrollment in individual and couple-based lifestyle interventions. Percent energy from fat and physical activity minutes were identified as important predictors for both recruitment methods. Age, cancer site, and marital status were important predictors of enrollment in the individual-based intervention. Weight, fiber consumption, and disease-related symptom severity and interference were important predictors of enrollment in the couple-based intervention.

Conclusion

Although there was some overlap in predictors for enrollment between studies, many differential predictors were identified between individual versus couple-based study designs for lifestyle intervention in cancer survivors. Future lifestyle intervention studies for cancer survivors may benefit from targeting different predictors of enrollment based on study design to optimize recruitment. Additionally, understanding predictors may allow certain barriers to enrollment (i.e., symptom burden) to be directly addressed, making lifestyle intervention research more feasible and acceptable to difficult-to-recruit survivors.

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Notes

  1. Healthy Moves Weight Loss enrolled a total of 37 survivors, however, due to differences in recruitment methods, endometrial survivors from the parent study (n = 7), were not included in these analyses.

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Funding

This research was supported by the PROSPR shared resource (CA016672) and the Center for Energy Balance in Cancer Prevention and Survivorship, which is supported by the Duncan Family Institute for Cancer Prevention and Risk Assessment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Emily Cox-Martin

  2. Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301402, Houston, TX, 77230-1402, USA

    Jaejoon Song

  3. Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA

    Wendy Demark-Wahnefried

  4. Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-1124, USA

    Elizabeth J. Lyons

  5. Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1330, P.O. Box 301439, Houston, TX, 77230-1439, USA

    Karen Basen-Engquist

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  1. Emily Cox-Martin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emily Cox-Martin.

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Conflict of interest

Elizabeth J Lyons holds an uncompensated advisory committee position for Workit Health Inc. No other conflicts of interest are reported.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all pilot study participants.

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Cox-Martin, E., Song, J., Demark-Wahnefried, W. et al. Predictors of enrollment in individual- and couple-based lifestyle intervention trials for cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 26, 2387–2395 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4084-6

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