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Swallowing with Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) in Individuals with Muscular Dystrophy: A Qualitative Analysis

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Abstract

The purpose of the study is to describe experiences of swallowing with two forms of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV): mouthpiece NPPV (M-NPPV) and nasal bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) in people with muscular dystrophy. Ten men (ages 22–42 years; M = 29.3; SD = 7.1) with muscular dystrophy (9 with Duchenne’s; 1 with Becker’s) completed the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10; Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 117(12):919-924 [33]) and took part in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and verified. Phenomenological qualitative research methods were used to code (Dedoose.com) and develop themes. All participants affirmed dysphagia symptoms via responses on the EAT-10 (M = 11.3; SD = 6.38; Range = 3–22) and reported eating and drinking with M-NPPV and, to a lesser extent, nasal BPAP. Analysis of interview data revealed three primary themes: (1) M-NPPV improves the eating/drinking experience: Most indicated that using M-NPPV reduced swallowing-related dyspnea. (2) NPPV affects breathing–swallowing coordination: Participants described challenges and compensations in coordinating swallowing with ventilator-delivered inspirations, and that the time needed to chew solid foods between ventilator breaths may lead to dyspnea and fatigue. (3) M-NPPV aids cough effectiveness: Participants described improved cough strength following large M-NPPV delivered inspirations (with or without breath stacking). Although breathing–swallowing coordination is challenging with NPPV, participants reported that eating and drinking is more comfortable than when not using it. Overall, eating and drinking with NPPV delivered via a mouthpiece is preferred and is likely safer for swallowing than with nasal BPAP. M-NPPV (but not nasal BPAP) is reported to improve cough effectiveness, an important pulmonary defense in this population.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Breanna Schwarz from the Speech Swallowing & Respiration (SSR) Lab at Portland State University and Elizabeth Pullen, Isabella Bareiss, Valerie Phan Brown, and Danielle Rincon from the Speech Acoustics and Physiology Lab at the University of Arizona.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Portland State University, University Center Building, 527 SW Hall Street, Suite 430, Portland, OR, 97201, USA

    Deanna Britton & Meghan Hansen

  2. Northwest Center for Voice and Swallowing, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA

    Deanna Britton

  3. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Deanna Britton, Carolyn R. Baylor & Kathryn M. Yorkston

  4. Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Jeannette D. Hoit

  5. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center (UWMC), Seattle, WA, USA

    Joshua O. Benditt

  6. Vasona Creek Healthcare Center, Castro Valley, CA, USA

    Justine Poon

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  1. Deanna Britton
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Britton, D., Hoit, J.D., Benditt, J.O. et al. Swallowing with Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) in Individuals with Muscular Dystrophy: A Qualitative Analysis. Dysphagia 35, 32–41 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-019-09997-6

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