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Malacosporean-like spores in urine of rainbow trout react with antibody and DNA probes to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae

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Abstract

Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is the myxozoan parasite causing proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonid fishes in Europe and North America. The complete life cycle of the parasite remains unknown despite recent discoveries that the stages infectious for fish develop in freshwater bryozoans. During the course of examinations of the urine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with or recovering from PKD we identified spores with features similar to those of T. bryosalmonae found in the bryozoan host. Spores found in the urine were subspherical, with a width of 16 µm and height of 14 µm, and possessed two soft valves surrounding two spherical polar capsules (2 µm in diameter) and a single sporoplasm. The absence of hardened valves is a distinguishing characteristic of the newly established class Malacosporea that includes T. bryosalmonae as found in the bryozoan host. The parasite in the urine of rainbow trout possessed only two polar capsules and two valve cells compared to the four polar capsules and four valves observed in the spherical spores of 19 µm in diameter from T. bryosalmonae from the bryozoan host. Despite morphological differences, a relationship between the spores in the urine of rainbow trout and T. bryosalmonae was demonstrated by binding of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and DNA probes specific to T. bryosalmonae.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Katherine Beauchamp and Karl B. Andree for designing the primers for the DNA probe for conducting PCR assays. We also thank William Cox from the California Department of Fish and Game and Denise Blanc of INRA, the Unité de Nutrition des Poissons, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur- Nivelle, France for their assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA

    R.P. Hedrick & D.V. Baxa

  2. Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunité des Poissons, Unité de Virologie et d’Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France

    P. De Kinkelin

  3. School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK

    B. Okamura

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  1. R.P. Hedrick
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  2. D.V. Baxa
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  3. P. De Kinkelin
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  4. B. Okamura
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Correspondence to R.P. Hedrick.

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Hedrick, R., Baxa, D., De Kinkelin, P. et al. Malacosporean-like spores in urine of rainbow trout react with antibody and DNA probes to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae . Parasitol Res 92, 81–88 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-003-0986-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-003-0986-3

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