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Microspore embryogenesis in barley: anther pre-treatment stimulates plant defence gene expression

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Abstract

Microspore embryogenesis (ME) is a process in which the gametophytic pollen programme of the microspore is reorientated towards a new embryo sporophytic programme. This process requires a stress treatment, usually performed in the anther or isolated microspores for several days. Despite the universal use of stress to induce ME, very few studies have addressed the physiological processes that occur in the anther during this step. To further understand the processes triggered by stress treatment, we followed the response of anthers by measuring the expression of stress-related genes in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars differing in their ME response. Genes encoding enzymes involved in oxidative stress (glutathione-S-transferase, GST; oxalate oxidase, OxO), in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (13-lipoxygenase, Lox; allene oxide cyclase, AOC; allene oxide synthase, AOS) and in the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL), as well as those encoding PR proteins (Barwin, chitinase 2b, Chit 2b; glucanase, Gluc; basic pathogenesis-related protein 1, PR1; pathogenesis-related protein 10, PR10) were up-regulated in whole anthers upon stress treatment, indicating that anther perceives stress and reacts by triggering general plant defence mechanisms. In particular, both OxO and Chit 2b genes are good markers of anther reactivity owing to their high level of induction during the stress treatment. The effect of copper sulphate appeared to limit the expression of defence-related genes, which may be correlated with its positive effect on the yield of microspore embryos.

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Abbreviations

AGPs:

Arabinogalactan proteins

cv.:

Cultivar

DH:

Doubled haploid

JA:

Jasmonic acid

ME:

Microspore embryogenesis

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

PR:

Pathogenesis related

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ms. Carine Hécart for assistance in determining pollen stages.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, URVVC UPRES EA 2069, UFR Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France

    Cédric Jacquard, Florence Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre, Fabienne Baillieul & Christophe Clément

  2. Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Florimond Desprez, BP 41, 59242, Cappelle en Pévèle, France

    Pierre Devaux

  3. Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Kim Boutilier

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  1. Cédric Jacquard
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  2. Florence Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre
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  3. Pierre Devaux
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  4. Kim Boutilier
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  5. Fabienne Baillieul
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  6. Christophe Clément
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Correspondence to Christophe Clément.

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Jacquard, C., Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre, F., Devaux, P. et al. Microspore embryogenesis in barley: anther pre-treatment stimulates plant defence gene expression. Planta 229, 393–402 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-008-0838-6

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