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Combining supervised run interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training with the diabetes prevention program on clinical outcomes

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Abstract

Purpose

The present study was designed to evaluate the 16 weeks diabetes prevention program (DPP) combined with instructed run sprint interval training (INT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on glycemic control, body composition, fitness, exercise adherence, and perceived exercise enjoyment in sedentary, adults with prediabetes.

Methods

Participants completed three weekly supervised sessions of INT (4–10 bouts of 30 s maximal sprints followed by a 4 min active recovery) or MICT (30–60 min at 45–55% HRR) exercise coupled with the DPP for 16 weeks. At baseline, 8 and 16 weeks, participants completed fitness and clinical assessments as well as questionnaires to assess group and time differences.

Results

Twenty-nine study participants (INT n = 17, MICT n = 12) were randomized, however, significantly (p = 0.024) more participants withdrew from the INT (n = 11) than MICT (n = 4) treatment. There was no significant difference between groups in perceived exercise enjoyment, but, the MICT group significantly improved their perceived exercise enjoyment (10.8 ± 14.2; p = 0.021) from baseline to 16 weeks. Both INT and MICT groups decreased their body weight (2.0 ± 0.8 vs. − 5.5 ± 1.4 kg; p < 0.001), BMI (− 0.6 ± 0.3 vs. − 2.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2; p < 0.001), body fat mass (1.4 ± 0.6 vs. − 4.2 ± 1.0 kg; p < 0.001), fasting glucose (− 0.09 ± 0.01 vs. − 0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/L; p = 0.020), and HbA1c (− 0.21 ± 0.09 vs. − 0.12 ± 0.12%; p = 0.001), respectively, however, the MICT had greater reductions (GxT: p ≤ 0.05) in body weight, BMI, and body fat than the INT group.

Conclusion

Sixteen weeks of MICT is adhered to better and elicits greater improvements in body composition than INT. Nevertheless, both interventions similarly reduced fasting glucose and HbA1c in adults with prediabetes, suggesting either treatment could be effective for T2D prevention.

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Abbreviations

ACSM:

American College of Sports Medicine

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Blood pressure

DPP:

Diabetes prevention program

GxT:

Group by time interaction

HbA1c:

Hemoglobin A1c

HR:

Heart rate

INT:

Interval training

ITT:

Intention to treat

MICT:

Moderate-intensity continuous exercise

OGTT:

Oral glucose tolerance test

PACES:

Physical activity enjoyment scale

RPE:

Rate of perceived exertion

SE:

Standard error

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

WHR:

Waist-to-hip ratio

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Acknowledgements

Thank you to Sentara-Rockingham Memorial Regional Hospital Medical Center (Harrisonburg, VA) and the Human Performance Laboratory at James Madison University for the support and assistance throughout the project. We would like to express our gratitude to all the undergraduate research assistants, especially Kevin Decker, who helped with data collection and training sessions. This project would not have been possible without the excellent efforts of our study participants.

Funding

This study was funded by Sentara-Rockingham Memorial Regional Hospital (Harrisonburg, VA) and an Inter-Professional Education Grant through the College of Health and Behavioral Studies at James Madison University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 2302, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA

    Nicole M. Gilbertson, Kathryn Hilovsky, Trent A. Hargens & Elizabeth S. Edwards

  2. Department of Health Professions, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA

    Joan A. Mandelson, Jeremy D. Akers & David L. Wenos

  3. Morrison Bruce Center, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA

    Elizabeth S. Edwards

Authors
  1. Nicole M. Gilbertson
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  2. Joan A. Mandelson
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  3. Kathryn Hilovsky
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  4. Jeremy D. Akers
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  5. Trent A. Hargens
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  6. David L. Wenos
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  7. Elizabeth S. Edwards
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Contributions

NMG and ESE were primarily responsible for analyzing data and writing this manuscript. JDA, TAH, DLW and ESE were responsible for the study design and obtaining funding. NMG, JAM, and KH recruited participants, collected data, trained participants, and maintained data. JDA reviewed and analyzed food logs. All the authors edited this manuscript and approved submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elizabeth S. Edwards.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Communicated by Philip D. Chilibeck.

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Gilbertson, N.M., Mandelson, J.A., Hilovsky, K. et al. Combining supervised run interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training with the diabetes prevention program on clinical outcomes. Eur J Appl Physiol 119, 1503–1512 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04137-2

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