References
Berger DE (2004) Using regression analysis. In: Wholey JS, Hatry HP, Newcomer KE (eds) Handbook of practical program evaluation. Wiley, San Francisco, pp 479–505
Blackie SP, Fairbarn MS, McElvaney GN, Morrison NJ, Wilcox PG, Pardy RL (1989) Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake and power during cycle ergometry in subjects older than 55 years of age. Am Rev Respir Dis 139:1424–1429
Cohen J, Cohen P, West S, Aiken L (2003) Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. L. Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah
George JD, Stone WJ, Burkett LN (1997) Non-exercise VO2max estimation for physically active college students. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29:415–423
Keppel G, Wickens TD (2004) Design and analysis: a researcher’s handbook. Pearson Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River
Kerlinger FN (1986) Foundations of behavioral research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York
Malek MH, Berger DE, Housh TJ, Coburn JW, Beck TW (2004a) Validity of VO2max equations for aerobically trained males and females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1427–1432
Malek MH, Housh TJ, Berger DE, Coburn JW, Beck TW (2004b) A new non-exercise based VO2max prediction equation for aerobically trained females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1804–1810
Malek MH, Housh TJ, Berger DE, Coburn JW, Beck TW (2005) A new non-exercise-based VO2max prediction equation for aerobically trained men. J Strength Cond Res 19:559–565
Pedhazur EL (1997) Multiple regression in behavioral research. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, pp 207–211
Sanada K, Midorikawa T, Yasuda T, Kearns CF, Abe T (2007) Development of nonexercise prediction models of maximal oxygen uptake in healthy Japanese young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 99:143–148
Singh R, Singh HJ, Sirisinghe RG (1989) Cardiopulmonary fitness in a sample of Malaysian population. Jpn J Physiol 39:475–485
Storer TW, Davis JA, Caiozzo VJ (1990) Accurate prediction of VO2max in cycle ergometry. Med Sci Sports Exerc 22:704–712
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2001) Using multivariate statistics. Allyn and Bacon, Boston
Vehrs PR, George JD, Fellingham GW, Plowman SA, Dustman-Allen K (2007) Submaximal treadmill exercise test to predict VO2max in fit adults. Meas in Phys Educ Sci 11:61–72
Verma SS, Sharma YK, Kishore N (1998) Prediction of maximal aerobic power in healthy Indian males 21–58 years of age. Z Morphol Anthropol 82:103–110
Wagner PD (1988) An integrated view of the determinants of maximum oxygen uptake. Adv Exp Med Biol 227:245–256
Wagner PD (1993) Algebraic analysis of the determinants of VO2max. Respir Physiol 93:221–237
Wagner PD (1996) Determinants of maximal oxygen transport and utilization. Annu Rev Physiol 58:21–50
Wells CL, Scrutton EW, Archibald LD, Cooke WP, De la Mothe JW (1973) Physical working capacity and maximal oxygen uptake of teenaged athletes. Med Sci Sports 5:232–241
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malek, M.H., Berger, D.E. & Coburn, J.W. On the inappropriateness of stepwise regression analysis for model building and testing. Eur J Appl Physiol 101, 263–264 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0485-9
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0485-9