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A correlation image velocimetry-based study of high-pressure fuel spray tip evolution

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Abstract

A correlation image velocimetry (CIV) technique has been developed to study the evolution of the leading edge, or tip, of isothermal high-pressure fuel sprays. Adaptations of the analysis permit determination of both the average spray tip motion and the spatial distribution of velocity along the spray edge. From these measurements, three distinct regions of the tip’s evolution have been observed and scaling relations developed. Further investigation has revealed significant uniformity in the radial evolution of the spray tip, despite the apparent similarity to turbulent jet flow. Examination of pdfs of the average tip velocity reveals among the many repeatable injection events a significant amount of variability and that this variability extends to regions near the nozzle, implying that among the sources of shot-to-shot viability is the atomisation process itself.

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Abbreviations

CVC:

Constant volume chamber

C D :

Nozzle discharge coefficient

d e :

Effective diameter of nozzle orifice (mm)

d o :

Diameter of nozzle orifice (mm)

l :

Length of nozzle orifice (mm)

p a :

Constant volume chamber air pressure (bar)

p i :

Injection pressure (bar)

r :

Distance from spray axis in the radial direction (mm)

SWS:

Sampling window size (pixel)

S :

Spray tip displacement or penetration (mm) in the x-direction

SOI:

Start of injection

t :

Time (s)

u′ :

Fluctuating component of u (m/s)

u :

Instantaneous spray tip velocity (m/s)

u rms :

Root mean square component of u (m/s)

U :

Spray tip velocity (m/s)

U c :

Spray tip centreline velocity (m/s)

U m :

Maximum fuel nozzle exit velocity (m/s) U m = C D[2(p i − p a)/ρ f]1/2

U p :

Peak spray tip velocity, m/s

x :

Distance from the nozzle tip in the axial direction (m)

ζ :

Ratio of axial velocity U(x, r) to centreline velocity U c(x)

ρ a :

CVC gas density (kg/m3)

ρ f :

Fuel density (kg/m3)

θ :

Spray cone angle (deg)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    J. Kostas, D. Honnery & J. Soria

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  1. J. Kostas
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  2. D. Honnery
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  3. J. Soria
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Correspondence to D. Honnery.

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Kostas, J., Honnery, D. & Soria, J. A correlation image velocimetry-based study of high-pressure fuel spray tip evolution. Exp Fluids 51, 667–678 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-011-1076-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-011-1076-4

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