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Comparison of Soil Bacterial Communities Under Diverse Agricultural Land Management and Crop Production Practices

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Abstract

The composition and structure of bacterial communities were examined in soil subjected to a range of diverse agricultural land management and crop production practices. Length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) of bacterial DNA extracted from soil was used to generate amplicon profiles that were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Five land management programs were initiated in July 2000: conventional, organic, continuous removal of vegetation (disk fallow), undisturbed (weed fallow), and bahiagrass pasture (Paspalum notatum var Argentine). Similar levels in the diversity of bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were detected in soil samples collected from organically and conventionally managed plots 3 and 4 years after initiation of land management programs, whereas significantly lower levels of diversity were observed in samples collected from bahiagrass pasture. Differences in diversity were attributed to effects on how the relative abundance of individual amplicons were distributed (evenness) and not on the total numbers of bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons detected (richness). Similar levels of diversity were detected among all land management programs in soil samples collected after successive years of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivation. A different trend was observed after a multivariate examination of the similarities in genetic composition among soil bacterial communities. After 3 years of land management, similarities in genetic composition of soil bacterial communities were observed in plots where disturbance was minimized (bahiagrass and weed fallow). The genetic compositions in plots managed organically were similar to each other and distinct from bacterial communities in other land management programs. After successive years of tomato cultivation and damage from two major hurricanes, only the composition of soil bacterial communities within organically managed plots continued to maintain a high degree of similarity to each other and remain distinct from other bacterial communities. This study reveals the effects of agricultural land management practices on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in a large-scale, long-term replicated study where the effect of soil type on community attributes was removed.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Ed Killer, Larry Markle, and Len Therrien for their work on the field experiments and George Ingram for help with soil DNA extraction. We also thank Phat Dang and Laura Boykin for their assistance in the cloning and sequencing analysis, and three anonymous reviewers for their editorial comments on this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. US Horticulture Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA

    Tiehang Wu, Dan O. Chellemi & Erin N. Rosskopf

  2. Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA

    Tiehang Wu & Jim H. Graham

  3. Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA

    Kendall J. Martin

  4. Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue SCA110, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA

    Tiehang Wu

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Correspondence to Tiehang Wu.

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Wu, T., Chellemi, D.O., Graham, J.H. et al. Comparison of Soil Bacterial Communities Under Diverse Agricultural Land Management and Crop Production Practices. Microb Ecol 55, 293–310 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9276-4

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