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Will global warming affect the functional need for essential fatty acids in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)? A first overview of the consequences of lower availability of nutritional fatty acids on growth performance

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Abstract

Global climate changes have led to a depletion in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in marine phytoplankton that—with food web transfers—could negatively impact fish performance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a reduction in the dietary availability of n-3 PUFA on growth performance, organ allometry, and fatty acid composition in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) raised at two different temperatures: 15 °C (natural conditions) and 20 °C (global warming scenario). Fish were fed for 5 months with two isoenergetic and isoproteic diets: a reference diet (RD; 1.65% n-3 PUFA on a dry matter basis, DM) used as a proxy of trophic networks where n-3 PUFA were plentiful, and a lower n-3 PUFA diet (LD; 0.73% n-3 PUFA on DM) designed to mimic the expected decrease in n-3 PUFA sources resulting from global climate changes. Results showed decreasing growth rates and slight changes in the muscle polar lipid profile in LD-fed sea bass juveniles, whereas neutral lipids were more affected over the long term. The relative masses of the heart and gastrointestinal system were higher at 20 °C, while liver mass was higher at 15 °C in LD-fed juveniles. However, the mesenteric fat of RD-fed juveniles was higher at 15 °C. Altogether the results suggest that sea bass juveniles are able to implement physiological mechanisms to cope with a decrease in dietary n-3 PUFA and are able to improve growth at the higher temperature, even with a decreased availability of n-3 PUFA. The temperature-driven increase in growth is also observed under the restricted n-3 PUFA diet, and this is accompanied by significant effects on organ allometry and FA profiles. This may indicate the presence of some metabolic costs that remain to be evaluated, but which illustrate that the combination of warming temperatures and n-3 PUFA depletion has significant effects on life history traits.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Institut Français de Recherche et d’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER, doctoral support to C. Gourtay) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to C. Audet, financial support to C. Gourtay). The authors are grateful to Aquastream company and to all members of the Adaptation, Reproduction and Nutrition Lab (Ifremer, Brest), past and present, who contributed to this work. Last but not least a grateful thanks to the reviewers of the manuscript.

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  1. Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada

    Clémence Gourtay & Céline Audet

  2. Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, LEMAR (UMR6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Clémence Gourtay, Hervé Le Delliou, Patrick Quazuguel & José-Luis Zambonino-Infante

  3. Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Pêches et Océans Canada, C.P. 1000, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada

    Denis Chabot

  4. Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Guy Claireaux

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. Experiments were performed under French national regulations and approved by the Comité d’Éthique Finistérien en Expérimentation Animale (CEFEA, registration code C2EA–74) (Authorization APAFIS 3056# 20151207173873100).

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Gourtay, C., Chabot, D., Audet, C. et al. Will global warming affect the functional need for essential fatty acids in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)? A first overview of the consequences of lower availability of nutritional fatty acids on growth performance. Mar Biol 165, 143 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3402-3

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