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The COGs (context, object, and goals) in multisensory processing

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Abstract

Our understanding of how perception operates in real-world environments has been substantially advanced by studying both multisensory processes and “top-down” control processes influencing sensory processing via activity from higher-order brain areas, such as attention, memory, and expectations. As the two topics have been traditionally studied separately, the mechanisms orchestrating real-world multisensory processing remain unclear. Past work has revealed that the observer’s goals gate the influence of many multisensory processes on brain and behavioural responses, whereas some other multisensory processes might occur independently of these goals. Consequently, other forms of top-down control beyond goal dependence are necessary to explain the full range of multisensory effects currently reported at the brain and the cognitive level. These forms of control include sensitivity to stimulus context as well as the detection of matches (or lack thereof) between a multisensory stimulus and categorical attributes of naturalistic objects (e.g. tools, animals). In this review we discuss and integrate the existing findings that demonstrate the importance of such goal-, object- and context-based top-down control over multisensory processing. We then put forward a few principles emerging from this literature review with respect to the mechanisms underlying multisensory processing and discuss their possible broader implications.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (PSI2013-42626-P), AGAUR Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR856), and the European Research Council (StG-2010 263145) to S.S-F, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant #320030-149982 as well as the National Centre of Competence in Research project “SYNAPSY, The Synaptic Bases of Mental Disease” [Project 51AU40-125759]) and the Swiss Brain League (2014 Research Prize) to MMM. StO receives support from the Dutch Organisation for Scientific Research (Grant 406-11-068).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Sanne ten Oever & Nienke van Atteveldt

  2. Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK

    Vincenzo Romei

  3. Department of Educational Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Education and Institute LEARN!, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Nienke van Atteveldt

  4. Multisensory Research Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

    Salvador Soto-Faraco

  5. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain

    Salvador Soto-Faraco

  6. The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service and Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, BH7.081, rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Micah M. Murray & Pawel J. Matusz

  7. EEG Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) of Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Micah M. Murray

  8. Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Micah M. Murray

  9. Attention, Brain, and Cognitive Development Group, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Pawel J. Matusz

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  1. Sanne ten Oever
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  2. Vincenzo Romei
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  3. Nienke van Atteveldt
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  4. Salvador Soto-Faraco
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  5. Micah M. Murray
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  6. Pawel J. Matusz
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Correspondence to Pawel J. Matusz.

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ten Oever, S., Romei, V., van Atteveldt, N. et al. The COGs (context, object, and goals) in multisensory processing. Exp Brain Res 234, 1307–1323 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-4590-z

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