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New opportunities in multiplexed optical bioanalyses using quantum dots and donor–acceptor interactions

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Abstract

This review highlights recent trends in the development of multiplexed bioanalyses using quantum dot bioconjugates and donor–acceptor interactions. In these methods, multiple optical signals are generated in response to biorecognition through modulation of the photoluminescence of populations of quantum dots with different emission colors. The donor–acceptor interactions that have been used include fluorescence resonance energy transfer, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, charge transfer quenching, and quenching via proximal gold nanoparticles. Assays for the simultaneous detection of between two and eight target analytes have been developed, where spectral deconvolution is an important tool. Target analytes have included small molecules, nucleic acid sequences, and proteases. The unique optical properties of quantum dots offer several potential advantages in multiplexed detection, and a large degree of versatility, for example, one pot multiplexing at the ensemble level, where only wavelength discrimination is required to differentiate between detection channels. These methods are not being developed to compete with array-based technologies in terms of overall multiplexing capacity, but rather to enable new formats for multiplexed bioanalyses. In particular, quantum dot bioprobes based on donor–acceptor interactions are anticipated to provide future opportunities for multiplexed biosensing within living cells.

Figure

Multicolor optical bioanalyses using donor-acceptor interactions between quantum dots and gold nanoparticles, fluorescent dyes, or redox active complexes.

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Notes

  1. QDs have also been used as electroactive labels for multiplexed anodic stripping voltammetry [5]; however, discussion of this is beyond the scope of this review.

  2. Photoluminescence quenching by Au NPs has been primarily associated with dipole–surface interactions that have an inverse fourth power (r −4) distance dependence [16, 17], and also with changes in radiative rate induced by the Au NPs [18, 19]. These details are beyond the scope of this review, and the interested reader is referred to the cited references for more information.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for funding their research program. W.R.A. is also grateful to the University of Toronto and the Ontario Ministry of Education and Training for a graduate fellowship (OGSST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada

    W. Russ Algar & Ulrich J. Krull

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  1. W. Russ Algar
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  2. Ulrich J. Krull
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Correspondence to Ulrich J. Krull.

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Published in the special issue on Focus on Bioanalysis with Guest Editors Antje J. Baeumner, Günter Gauglitz, Frieder W. Scheller.

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Algar, W.R., Krull, U.J. New opportunities in multiplexed optical bioanalyses using quantum dots and donor–acceptor interactions. Anal Bioanal Chem 398, 2439–2449 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3837-y

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