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Singlet oxygen generation versus O–O homolysis in phenyl-substituted anthracene endoperoxides investigated by RASPT2, CASPT2, CC2, and TD-DFT methods

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Abstract

The electronic excited states corresponding to singlet oxygen generation versus O–O splitting in o-fluorine-phenyl-9-anthracene-9,10-endoperoxide 1 and its 9,10-bisarylanthracene analog 2 have been investigated using theoretical methods. In the case of the smaller endoperoxide 1, the recently developed second-order perturbation theory restricted active space (RASPT2) method has been employed and the results are compared to those from the complete active space (CASPT2), second-order approximated coupled cluster (CC2), and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approaches. In addition to the vertical excited states, the photochemical path leading to homolytic O–O dissociation has been computed. This process is governed by a point, where four singlet and four triplet states are almost degenerate and show substantial spin-orbit coupling. The results obtained with RASPT2 indicate that the S 1 state is of π *oo σ *oo character, corresponding to the O–O homolytic dissociation, while higher excited states S n (n ≥ 2) correspond to local and charge transfer excitations and should be correlated to the generation of singlet molecular oxygen. A similar photochemical picture is obtained with CASPT2, although two different active spaces are required to describe different parts of the spectrum. The calculations carried out with CC2 as well as the functionals CAM-B3LYP and the B3LYP(32) containing 32 % of exact exchange show good agreement with the RASPT2 energies, but present a strong mixing of π *oo σ *oo and π *oo π *an excitations in the lowest S 1 state, contradicting the assignment of RASPT2/CASPT2. The use of BP86 is strongly discouraged since it misplaces a large number of charge transfer states below the π *oo σ *oo state. The excited states of 2, calculated with B3LYP(32) are very similar to those of 1, leading to the conclusion that both endoperoxides should show a similar photochemistry, that is, the O–O cleavage seems to be partially quenched and singlet oxygen generation is enhanced, in comparison with the parent compound, anthracene-9,10-endoperoxide.

Graphical abstract

The different electronic excited states of o-fluorine-phenyl-9-anthracene-9,10-endoperoxide have been benchmarked with RASPT2. The lowest excited state corresponds to the homolytic O–O dissociation and higher excited states are connected to singlet oxygen generation.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GO 1059/6-1). All the calculations have been performed at the Universitätsrechenzentrum of the Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena and at the HP computers of the Theoretical Chemistry group at the University of Vienna.

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  1. Guillermo Pérez-Hernández

    Present address: Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Stephan Kupfer & Guillermo Pérez-Hernández

  2. Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Leticia González

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  1. Stephan Kupfer
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  2. Guillermo Pérez-Hernández
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  3. Leticia González
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Correspondence to Leticia González.

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Kupfer, S., Pérez-Hernández, G. & González, L. Singlet oxygen generation versus O–O homolysis in phenyl-substituted anthracene endoperoxides investigated by RASPT2, CASPT2, CC2, and TD-DFT methods. Theor Chem Acc 131, 1295 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-012-1295-7

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