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Anxious-depression among Hispanic/Latinos from different backgrounds: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

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Abstract

Background

Anxious-depression is a constellation of symptoms, frequently encountered among patients in primary care centers. There is a need to study how anxious-depression presents among Hispanic/Latinos of different backgrounds.

Objective

To study the construct of anxious-depression among 16,064 Hispanic/Latinos of different backgrounds participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We hypothesized that Hispanic/Latinos will cluster in 3 classes: low anxiety/high depression, high anxiety/low depression and a combined anxious-depression construct.

Methods

Using latent profile analysis, symptoms of depression and anxiety measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and 10-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were evaluated to determine if an anxious-depression typology would result. A multinomial logistic regression analysis explored the association of the 3-class solution with different Hispanic/Latino backgrounds controlling for age, gender, language, education and income.

Results

A 3-class mixed anxious-depression structure emerged with 10 % of Hispanic/Latinos in the high, 30 % in the moderate and 60 % in the low anxious-depression category. After adjusting for age, gender, language preference, income and education, individuals of Puerto Rican background were more likely to experience high (OR = 1.79, p < 0.05) and moderate (OR = 1.36, p < 0.05) (vs. low) anxious-depression symptomatology compared to those of Mexican background. Individuals of Central American and South American background were less likely to experience high (OR = 0.68, p < 0.05) and moderate (OR = 0.8, p < 0.05) (vs. low) anxious-depression compared to those of Mexican background.

Conclusion

Anxious-depression symptomatology varied among this sample of Hispanic/Latino groups. These classes should be investigated as to their relationship with different health outcomes relevant to the Hispanic/Latino of different backgrounds.

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Acknowledgments

Funded by T32 HL079891-06 UCSD Integrated Cardiovascular Epidemiology Fellowship, R25HL105430 Mentoring Latinos in Health Disparities Research from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, which was supported by contracts from the NHLBI to the University of North Carolina (N01-HC65233), University of Miami (N01-HC65234), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (N01-HC65235), Northwestern University (N01-HC65236), and San Diego State University (N01-HC65237). The following Institutes/Centers/Offices contribute to the HCHS/SOL through a transfer of funds to the NHLBI: National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities, the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communications Disorders, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Office of Dietary Supplements. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We thank the participants and staff of the HCHS/SOL for their time invested in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychiatry, Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Álvaro Camacho

  2. Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA

    Álvaro Camacho & Scott C. Roesch

  3. Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA

    Patricia Gonzalez, Christina Buelna, Kristen T. Emory, Gregory A. Talavera, Sheila F. Castañeda, Rebeca A. Espinoza & Scott C. Roesch

  4. Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

    Kristen T. Emory

  5. Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Annie G. Howard & Krista M. Perreira

  6. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Carmen R. Isasi

  7. Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Martha L. Daviglus

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  1. Álvaro Camacho
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  2. Patricia Gonzalez
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  3. Christina Buelna
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Correspondence to Álvaro Camacho.

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Camacho, Á., Gonzalez, P., Buelna, C. et al. Anxious-depression among Hispanic/Latinos from different backgrounds: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 50, 1669–1677 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1120-4

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