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Nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors in the development of colorectal cancer and colitis

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths that is often associated with inflammation initiated by activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Nucleic acid sensing PRRs are one of the major subsets of PRRs that sense nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), mainly including some members of Toll-like receptors (TLR3, 7, 8, 9), AIM2-like receptors (AIM2, IFI16), STING, cGAS, RNA polymerase III, and DExD/H box nucleic acid helicases (such as RIG-I like receptors (RIG-I, MDA5, LPG2), DDX1, 3, 5, 7, 17, 21, 41, 60, and DHX9, 36). Activation of these receptors eventually leads to the release of cytokines and activation of immune cells, which are well known to play crucial roles in host defense against intracellular bacterial and virus infection. However, the functions of these nucleic acid sensing PRRs in the other diseases such as CRC and colitis remain largely unknown. Recent studies indicated that nucleic acid sensing PRRs contribute to CRC and/or colitis development, and therapeutic modulation of nucleic acid sensing PRRs may reduce the risk of CRC development. However, until now, a comprehensive review on the role of nucleic acid sensing PRRs in CRC and colitis is still lacking. This review provided an overview of the roles as well as the mechanisms of these nucleic acid sensing PRRs (AIM2, STING, cGAS, RIG-I and its downstream molecules, DDX3, 5, 6,17, and DHX9, 36) in CRC and colitis, which may aid the diagnosis, therapy, and prognostic prediction of CRC and colitis.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by funds from Talents’ Start-up Fund of Gannan Medical University (QD201404), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20151BAB205061), Natural Science Foundation of China (31560260), and The Key Project from Department of Education of Jiangxi Province (150937) (All to Zhiping Liu).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China

    Liangmei He, Yayun Chen & Yuanbing Wu

  2. School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China

    Ying Xu & Zhiping Liu

  3. The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China

    Zixiang Zhang

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  1. Liangmei He
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Correspondence to Zixiang Zhang or Zhiping Liu.

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He, L., Chen, Y., Wu, Y. et al. Nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors in the development of colorectal cancer and colitis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 74, 2395–2411 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2477-1

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