Abstract
Running-wheel behavior was examined as a function of the floor area of the experimental chamber in three food-deprived rats when a food pellet was delivered each minute and when it was omitted. Running-wheel behavior when food was omitted was unsystematically related to the floor area. When food was scheduled, three measures of running-wheel behavior were found to be decreasing functions of floor area: percentage of the session time spent in the wheel, percentage of the interfood intervals with a wheel entry, and the mean stay time per interfood interval with a wheel entry. Wheel revolutions per session varied unsystematically, and the local rate of running was an increasing function of floor area when food was scheduled. These results explicate some inconsistent findings in the literature, and provide support for the notion that wheel-running is not a schedule-induced behavior.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference Note
LOCURTO, C., TRAVERS, T., & TERRACE, H. S. 1975. Effects of physical restraint on the acquisition of autoshaped responses in the pigeon. Paper presented at the sixteenth annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Denver.
References
BAUM, W. M. 1973. The correlation-based law effect. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 20, 137–153.
BAUM, W. M., & RACHLIN, H. C. 1969. Choice as time allocation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 9, 191–204.
BROWN, T. G., & FLORY, R. K. 1972. Schedule-induced escape from fixed-interval reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17, 395–403.
BROWNSTEIN, A. J., & PLISKOFF, S. S. 1968. Some effects of relative reinforcement rate and changeover delay in response-independent concurrent schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 683–688.
COTTON, J. W. 1953. Running time as a function of amount of food deprivation. Journal of Experimen tal Psychology, 46, 188–198.
FALK, J. L. 1961. Production of polydipsia in normal rats by an intermittent food schedule. Science, 133, 195.
FALK, J. L. 1966. Schedule-induced polydipsia as a function of fixed interval length. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2, 37–39.
FALK, J. L. 1971. The nature and determinants of adjunctive behavior. Physiology and Behavior, 6, 577–588.
FRANK, J., & STADDON, J. E. R. 1974. Effects of restraint on temporal discrimination behavior. The Psychological Record, 24, 123–130.
GLAZER, H., & SINGH, D. 1971. Role of collateral behavior in temporal discrimination performance and learning in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 91, 78–84.
KILLEEN, P. 1975. On the temporal control of behavior. Psychological Review, 82, 89–115.
LEVITSKY, D., & COLLIER, G. 1968. Schedule-induced wheel running. Physiology and Behavior, 3, 571–573.
PEREBOOM, A. C., & CRAWFORD, B. M. 1958. Instrumental and competing behavior as a function of trials and reward magnitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56, 82–85.
PREMACK, D., & SCHAEFFER, R. W. 1962. Distributional properties of operant-level locomotion in the rat. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 5, 89–95.
PREMACK, D., & SCHAEFFER, R. W. 1963. Some parameters affecting the operant-level of running in rats. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6, 473–475.
RICHARDSON, W. K., & LOUGHEAD, T. E. 1974. The effect of physical restraint on behavior under the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21, 455–461.
SKINNER, B. F., & MORSE, W. H. 1957. Concurrent activity under fixed-interval reinforcement. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 50, 279–281.
SKUBAN, W. E., & RICHARDSON, W. K. 1975. The effect of the size of the test environment on behavior under two temporally defined schedules. Journal of the Experimen tal Analysis of Behavior, 23, 271–275.
STADDON, J. E. R. 1977. Schedule-induced behavior. In W. K. Honig & J. E. R. Staddon (Eds.), Handbook of operant behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
STADDON, J. E.R., & AYRES, S. L. 1975. Sequential and temporal properties of behavior induced by a schedule of periodic food delivery. Behaviour, 54, 26–49.
STADDON, J. E. R., & SIMMELHAG, V. L. 1971. The “superstition” experiment: A reexamination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior. Psychological Review, 78, 3–43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This research was primarily supported by Nimh Grant #Mh21368-01 to R. L. Shull and The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Additional support was received from the Faculty Grants Committee of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wetherington, C.L., Brownstein, A.J. & Shull, R.L. Schedule-Induced Running and Chamber Size. Psychol Rec 27, 703–713 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394493
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394493