Abstract
This report illustrates the concept that aurophilic interactions of gold-containing building blocks, particularly cyanoaurates, could be used as a tool to increase structural dimensionality in systems containingother metals in addition to gold(I). Such high-dimensionality systems may have useful optical, magnetic, conducting or porous materials properties. Recent successes from our group and others in using the neglected, luminescent [Au(CN)2]− building block to synthesize supramolecular coordination polymers with interesting and potentially commercially applicable physical properties will be surveyed. In most heterometallic [Au(CN)2]-based polymers, aurophilic interactions increase the structural dimensionality of the system and can impart increased thermal stability. The gold(I) ion can mediate significant magnetic interactions between transition-metal centres or influence iron(II) spin-transition behaviour in the polymers. The Cu[Au(CN)2]2(solvent)x polymer system is dynamically vapochromic, i.e., it shows large, reversible colour changes upon exposure to solvent vapours, thereby illustrating a sensor-type application. The related d8, square-planer [Au(CN)4]− building block, which has only recently been incorporated into coordination polymers, does not form any aurophilic interactions; weak Au-N(cyano) interactions control the intermolecular packing. Several structural examples of cyanoaurate-based coordination polymers are presented, including 2-D and 3-D arrays. The incorporation of cyanoaurates as components of advanced materials would provide a new utility and market for these key compounds of the gold mining and refining industry.
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Dr. Daniel Leznoff completed his Ph.D. degree with Professor Michael Fryzuk in 1997 at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver, Canada). He was an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow from 1997-1999 at the Bordeaux Institute for Condensed Matter Chemistry (ICMCB-CNRS) under the supervision of Professor Olivier Kahn. In 1999 he joined the Chemistry Department at Simon Fraser University (Burnaby, Canada), where he is now Associate Professor. His interests include the synthesis and characterization of gold and silver-containing heterometallic coordination polymers for materials applications, paramagnetic organometallic chemistry and actinide chemistry.
Julie Lefebvre is currently a Ph.D. student in the Department of Chemistry at Simon Fraser University. She received her B.Sc. degree in chemistry from McGill University (Montreal, Canada) in 2003. Her thesis research, under the direction of D.B. Leznoff, focuses on the preparation and characterization of [Au(CN)2]− based heterometallic coordination polymers that show vapochromic, magnetic or luminescent properties. She was the recipient of the “Placer Dome Best Student Presentation” award at the Gold 2003 Conference held in Vancouver.
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Leznoff, D.B., Lefebvre, J. Coordination polymers with cyanoaurate building blocks: Potential new industrial applications for gold. Gold Bull 38, 47–54 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03215233
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03215233