Skip to main content
Log in

How “carrots and sticks” are encoded in the brain: Motivation, reward, addiction and fear

  • Clipboard
  • Published:
Journal of Biosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Breiter H C, Gollub R L, Weisskoff R M, Kennedy D N, Makris N, Berke J D, Goodman J M, Kantor H L, Gastfriend D R, Riorden J P, Mathew R T, Rosen B R and Hyman S E 1997 Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emotion;Neuron 19 591–611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanselow M S 1998 Pavlovian conditioning, negative feedback, and blocking: mechanisms that regulate association formation;Neuron 20 625–627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koob G F and Moal M L 1997 Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation;Science 278 52–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKernan M G and Shinnick-Gallagher P 1998 Fear conditioning induces a lasting potentiation of synaptic currentsin vitro;Nature (London) 390 604–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocha B A, Scearce-Levie K, Lucas J J, Hiroi N, Castanon N, Crabe J C, Nestler E and Hen R 1998 Increased vulnerability to cocaine in mice lacking the serotonin 1-B receptor;Nature (London) 393 175–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogan M T, Staubli U V and LeDoux J E 1998 Fear conditioning induces associative long-term potentiation in the amygdala;Nature (London) 390 604–607

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ramaswami, M. How “carrots and sticks” are encoded in the brain: Motivation, reward, addiction and fear. J. Biosci. 23, 163–164 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02720015

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02720015

Keywords

Navigation