Skip to main content
Log in

Reflective consciousness and the emergence of memes: Serial evolutionary pathways?

  • Commentary
  • Published:
Journal of Biosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Blackmore S 1999The meme machine (Oxford: Oxford University Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheney D L and Seyfarth R M 1990How monkeys see the world (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloak F T 1973Elementary self-replicating instructions and their works: Toward a radical reconstruction of general anthropology through a general theory of natural selection. Paper presented at the Ninth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnographical Sciences, Chicago

  • Darwin C 1859/1968The origin of species (Harmondsworth: Penguin)

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin C 1871/1981The descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Princeton: Princeton University Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawkins R 1976The selfish gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin D R 1992Animal minds (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton W D 1964 The genetical evolution of social behavior;J. Theor. Biol. 7 1–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser M D 2000Wild minds (New York: Henry Holt and Company)

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey N K 1976 The social function of intellect; inGrowing points in ethology (eds) PPG Bateson and R A Hinde (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp 303–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey N K 1980 Nature’s psychologists; inConsciousness and the physical world (eds) B Josephson and V Ramachandran (Oxford: Pergamon Press) pp 57–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey N K 1982 Consciousness: A just-so story;New Sci. 95 474–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolly A 1966 Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence;Science 153 501–506

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kummer H 1971Primate societies (Chicago: Aldine)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagel T 1974 What is it like to be a bat?;Philos. Rev. 83 435–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Premack D and Woodruff G 1978 Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?;Behav. Brain Sci. 1 515–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao S L 1999 The neural basis of attributes of consciousness; inScientific and philosophical studies on consciousness (eds) S Menon, M G Narasimhan, A Sinha and B V Sreekantan (Bangalore: National Institute of Advanced Studies) pp 114–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha A 1999 Almost minds? The search for consciousness in nonhuman primates; inScientific and philosophical studies on consciousness (eds) S Menon, M G Narasimhan, A Sinha and B V Sreekantan (Bangalore: National Institute of Advanced Studies) pp 149–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha A 1999b Putting the mind back into nature: The origin and evolution of consciousness; inScientific and philosophical studies on consciousness (eds) S Menon, M G Narasimhan, A Sinha and B V Sreekantan (Bangalore: National Institute of Advanced Studies) pp 158–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomasello M and Call J 1997Primate cognition (New York: Oxford University Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trivers R L 1971 The evolution of reciprocal altruism;Q. Rev. Biol. 46 35–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Frisch K 1967The dance language and orientation of honeybees (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap/Harvard University Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkes K 1984 Is consciousness important?;Br. J. Philos. Sci. 35 223–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sinha, A. Reflective consciousness and the emergence of memes: Serial evolutionary pathways?. J Biosci 27, 637–643 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02708371

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02708371

Keywords

Navigation